Women with a lower waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are consistently judged as more attractive, a finding replicated across diverse populations and methods. From an evolutionary perspective, this preference may reflect selection for cues of female reproductive potential, as WHR reliably tracks both age and parity. However, virtually all previous studies present nude or minimally clothed bodies in highly standardized conditions, leaving open whether WHR-based judgments generalize to more ecologically valid settings and whether they extend beyond attractiveness to the reproductive traits WHR is a cue of. We addressed both questions by analyzing 608 painted female figures from European portraits (1650–1950), depicting fully clothed women in visually complex and minimally sexualized settings. Online Prolific observers (N = 1,525) independently estimated the body shape, attractiveness, age, and likelihood of previous childbirth from either the body or the face of the painted characters. Perceived WHR strongly predicted all three trait judgments: lower WHR was associated with higher attractiveness, younger perceived age, and lower perceived likelihood of previous childbirth. These relationships persisted after controlling for posture, body orientation, perceived weight, perceived facial age, artistic school, and date of the artwork. Our findings show that WHR-based perceptual heuristics are not artifacts of the narrow stimulus conditions used in prior research but persist in visually complex, clothed, and historically diverse depictions of women. They further suggest that fashion styles that exaggerate WHR may have functioned as strategic amplifiers of reproductively relevant cues, with implications for theories of mate choice, social signaling, fashion history and cultural evolution.
","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Preprint"]},"bookOrReportDetails":{"publisher":"PsyArXiv","yearOfPublication":2026},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rcnd2_v3"}]},"commentCorrectionList":{"commentCorrection":[{"source":"MED","id":"42380385","reference":"Archives of sexual behavior. 2026 Jun;:","type":"Preprint of","note":"CrossRef Pre-print loader","orderIn":10001}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-04-26","firstPublicationDate":"2026-04-25","firstIndexDate":"2026-04-26","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"PPR1171200","source":"PPR","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/rcnd2_v2","title":"Perceived Waist-to-Hip Ratio Predicts Attractiveness, Age, and Parity Judgements in Pre-Contemporary European Portraits of Clothed Women","authorString":"Bovet J, Truchard V, Touzeau C, Chevallier C, Baumard N.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Bovet J","lastName":"Bovet","firstName":"Jeanne","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3997-8837"}},{"fullName":"Truchard V","lastName":"Truchard","firstName":"Valentine","initials":"V"},{"fullName":"Touzeau C","lastName":"Touzeau","firstName":"Charlotte","initials":"C"},{"fullName":"Chevallier C","lastName":"Chevallier","firstName":"Coralie","initials":"C"},{"fullName":"Baumard N","lastName":"Baumard","firstName":"Nicolas","initials":"N"}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3997-8837"}]},"pubYear":"2026","abstractText":"Women with a lower waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are consistently judged as more attractive, a finding replicated across diverse populations and methods. From an evolutionary perspective, this preference may reflect selection for cues of female reproductive potential, as WHR reliably tracks both age and parity. However, virtually all previous studies present nude or minimally clothed bodies in highly standardized conditions, leaving open whether WHR-based judgments generalize to more ecologically valid settings and whether they extend beyond attractiveness to the reproductive traits WHR is a cue of. We addressed both questions by analyzing 608 painted female figures from European portraits (1650–1950), depicting fully clothed women in visually complex and minimally sexualized settings. Online Prolific observers (N = 1,525) independently estimated the body shape, attractiveness, age, and likelihood of previous childbirth from either the body or the face of the painted characters. Perceived WHR strongly predicted all three trait judgments: lower WHR was associated with higher attractiveness, younger perceived age, and lower perceived likelihood of previous childbirth. These relationships persisted after controlling for posture, body orientation, perceived weight, perceived facial age, artistic school, and date of the artwork. Our findings show that WHR-based perceptual heuristics are not artifacts of the narrow stimulus conditions used in prior research but persist in visually complex, clothed, and historically diverse depictions of women. They further suggest that fashion styles that exaggerate WHR may have functioned as strategic amplifiers of reproductively relevant cues, with implications for theories of mate choice, social signaling, fashion history and cultural evolution.
","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Preprint"]},"bookOrReportDetails":{"publisher":"PsyArXiv","yearOfPublication":2026},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rcnd2_v2"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-03-28","firstPublicationDate":"2026-03-27","firstIndexDate":"2026-03-28","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"41676349","source":"MED","pmid":"41676349","pmcid":"PMC12886367","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12886367"]},"doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1649698","title":"Examining the distinctiveness of body image and self-related constructs in eating disorders using virtual reality: the role of shape concerns, physical self-worth, and global self-worth.","authorString":"Monthuy-Blanc J, Fortin G, Corno G, Bouchard S.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Monthuy-Blanc J","lastName":"Monthuy-Blanc","firstName":"Johana","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada."},{"affiliation":"Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Fortin G","lastName":"Fortin","firstName":"Gabrielle","initials":"G","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada."},{"affiliation":"Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Corno G","lastName":"Corno","firstName":"Giulia","initials":"G","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada."},{"affiliation":"Centre intégré de santé et des services sociaux de l'Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada."},{"affiliation":"Département de psychoéducation et psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Bouchard S","lastName":"Bouchard","firstName":"Stéphane","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada."},{"affiliation":"Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada."},{"affiliation":"Département de psychoéducation et psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"16","journalIssueId":3893293,"dateOfPublication":"2025 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Front Psychol","title":"Frontiers in psychology","essn":"1664-1078","issn":"1664-1078","nlmid":"101550902","isoabbreviation":"Front Psychol"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-01-01"},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"1649698","abstractText":"
A well-established finding in Evolutionary Behavioural Sciences is that a low waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is judged as more attractive than a high WHR in women, a preference hypothesised to track female mate value. However, virtually all studies on the topic display nude or minimally clothed bodies, under highly standardised conditions, potentially exaggerating WHR’s influence in real-world contexts. We tested whether WHR-based judgements generalise to fully clothed women and to more ecologically valid conditions by analysing 608 painted female figures from European portraits (1650–1950), embedded in socially rich, minimally sexualised settings. Online Prolific observers (N = 1,525) independently estimated the body shape, attractiveness, age, and likelihood of previous childbirth from either the body or the face of the painted characters. Perceived WHR strongly predicted trait judgements: lower WHR was associated with higher attractiveness, younger perceived age, and lower perceived likelihood of previous childbirth. These relationships persisted after controlling for various variables, including posture, body orientation, perceived weight, and perceived facial age. Our findings show that WHR-based heuristics persist even in visually complex, clothed, and historically diverse depictions of women. They further suggest that fashion styles that exaggerate WHR may have functioned as strategic amplifiers of socially and reproductively relevant cues, with implications for theories of mate choice, social signalling, fashion history and cultural evolution.
","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Preprint"]},"bookOrReportDetails":{"publisher":"PsyArXiv","yearOfPublication":2025},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rcnd2_v1"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2025-11-12","firstPublicationDate":"2025-11-11","firstIndexDate":"2025-11-12","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"40956856","source":"MED","pmid":"40956856","pmcid":"PMC12440189","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12440189"]},"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0332672","title":"Physical activity levels, exercise intrinsic motivation, physical fitness, and their association with adiposity and Oxytocin Receptor (OXTR) rs53576 and rs2254298 gene variants.","authorString":"Say YH, Leong KZM, Ng HW, Ng ZD, Letchumanan G, Chook JB.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Say YH","lastName":"Say","firstName":"Yee-How","initials":"YH","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2363-5239"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia."}]}},{"fullName":"Leong KZM","lastName":"Leong","firstName":"Kristin-Ann Zhe Mun","initials":"KZM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia."}]}},{"fullName":"Ng HW","lastName":"Ng","firstName":"Hui Wen","initials":"HW","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia."}]}},{"fullName":"Ng ZD","lastName":"Ng","firstName":"Zi Di","initials":"ZD","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia."}]}},{"fullName":"Letchumanan G","lastName":"Letchumanan","firstName":"Geetha","initials":"G","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia."}]}},{"fullName":"Chook JB","lastName":"Chook","firstName":"Jack Bee","initials":"JB","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2363-5239"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3035-4902"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"9","volume":"20","journalIssueId":4008591,"dateOfPublication":"2025 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"PLoS One","title":"PloS one","essn":"1932-6203","issn":"1932-6203","nlmid":"101285081","isoabbreviation":"PLoS One"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-01-01"},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"e0332672","abstractText":"Intrinsic motivation predicts higher exercise participation and long-term sustenance. Common variants in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) have been associated with socially-related personality traits and behaviours, and obesity pathogenesis. The study aims to investigate the association of physical activity (PA) level, intrinsic motivation, and physical fitness, with adiposity and OXTR rs53576 and rs2254298 among a sample of Malaysian urban young adults in Sunway University. A total of 273 participants (M/F = 118/155; aged 21.5 ± 2.9) self-reported their socio-demographics, PA levels via International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form, and intrinsic motivation via Motives for Physical Activities Measure - Revised (MPAM-R). Physical fitness was assessed by three-minute step test, while anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken. Genotyping was performed by allele-specific real-time PCR. Men reported higher PA levels and higher Interest, Competence, and Social scores than women. Interest and Competence scores were significantly positively correlated with vigorous, moderate and total METs, and were also significantly associated with Waist-Height Ratio. Fitness was significantly associated with Waist-Hip Ratio. Physical fitness was significantly positively correlated with vigorous and total METs. OXTR rs53576 was significantly associated with Appearance only, but not PA levels, physical fitness, and adiposity. Men were more physically active and intrinsically more motivated to exercise than women. The desire to have fun and engage with challenges when exercising correlates with more frequent exercise, and is a predictor of lower adiposity. OXTR rs53576 influences motivation for being physically active in order to become more physically attractive.","affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","grantId":"FRGS/1/2022/STG01/SYUC/02/1","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Receptors, 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Adult"}]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Receptors, Oxytocin","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"OXTR protein, human","registryNumber":"0"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332672"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12440189"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12440189?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":2,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"Y","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["refsnp","doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2025-09-16","dateOfCreation":"2025-09-16","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-30","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-09-16","firstPublicationDate":"2025-09-16","firstIndexDate":"2025-09-17","fullTextReceivedDate":"2025-11-27","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"40867499","source":"MED","pmid":"40867499","pmcid":"PMC12383985","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12383985"]},"doi":"10.3390/bs15081138","title":"Orthorexia Nervosa and Its Associations with Novel Foods and Body Image Concerns.","authorString":"Duradoni M, Colombini G, Gori N, Guazzini A.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Duradoni M","lastName":"Duradoni","firstName":"Mirko","initials":"M","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8272-9484"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, Mercatorum University, 50135 Rome, Italy."}]}},{"fullName":"Colombini G","lastName":"Colombini","firstName":"Giulia","initials":"G","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8271-3113"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy."}]}},{"fullName":"Gori N","lastName":"Gori","firstName":"Noemi","initials":"N","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy."}]}},{"fullName":"Guazzini A","lastName":"Guazzini","firstName":"Andrea","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0203-4461"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy."},{"affiliation":"Centre for the Study of Complex Dynamics, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8272-9484"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0203-4461"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8271-3113"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"15","journalIssueId":4003892,"dateOfPublication":"2025 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Behav Sci (Basel)","title":"Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)","essn":"2076-328X","issn":"2076-328X","nlmid":"101576826","isoabbreviation":"Behav Sci (Basel)"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-08-01"},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"1138","abstractText":"Research on food-related behaviors has increasingly focused on orthorexia nervosa, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, especially with the rise of new types of healthy foods. This study examines the associations between orthorexic tendencies, as measured by the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory and ORTO-R, and scores on the Food Neophobias Scale, attitudes toward novel foods, body shape concerns, as assessed by the Body Shape Questionnaire, and drive for muscularity, training adherence, and anabolic steroid use, as measured by the Drive for Muscularity Scale. A total of 306 participants (68.3% female; Mage = 35.4 years, SD = 13.7), who were at least 18 old and fluent in Italian, took part in an online, anonymous data collection. The results revealed mixed associations between ON and the perceived attractiveness or intention to consume novel foods. In contrast, no relationship was found between orthorexia and food neophobia. Additionally, orthorexic dimensions were correlated with greater body shape dissatisfaction (r-scores ranging from 0.44 to 0.52, p < 0.001) and a drive for muscularity (r-scores ranging from 0.43 to 0.57, p < 0.001). Notably, orthorexic scores showed significant positive correlations with thoughts about anabolic steroid use (r-scores ranging from 0.26 to 0.60, p < 0.001) and training adherence (r-scores ranging from 0.39 to 0.53, p < 0.001) in a subsample of people who regularly exercise. Of examined the predictors, body shape concerns and thoughts about anabolic steroid use (ß ranging from 0.21 to 0.55, and R2 ranging from 0.43 to 0.57, p < 0.001) were the most robust predictors of orthorexic tendencies. Overall, the findings highlight the complex relationships between orthorexic tendencies, perceptions, and attitudes, as well as body-related concerns, while also providing new insights into their connection to novel foods.","affiliation":"Department of Human and Social Sciences, Mercatorum University, 50135 Rome, Italy.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Body Image","Orthorexia Nervosa","Food Neophobia","Anabolic Steroid Use","Novel Foods"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Unpaywall","url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/8/1138/pdf?version=1755788693"},{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081138"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12383985"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12383985?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2025-09-14","dateOfCreation":"2025-08-28","dateOfRevision":"2025-09-14","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-08-21","firstPublicationDate":"2025-08-21","firstIndexDate":"2025-09-04","fullTextReceivedDate":"2025-11-27","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"40641853","source":"MED","pmid":"40641853","pmcid":"PMC12239869","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12239869"]},"doi":"10.17505/jpor.2025.28095","title":"The Male Gaze Explored: Ranking Thinness and Attractiveness of Female Body Shapes.","authorString":"Naor-Ziv R, Amram-Veitz Y, Glicksohn J.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Naor-Ziv R","lastName":"Naor-Ziv","firstName":"Revital","initials":"R","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3959-7217"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel."}]}},{"fullName":"Amram-Veitz Y","lastName":"Amram-Veitz","firstName":"Yaarit","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel."}]}},{"fullName":"Glicksohn J","lastName":"Glicksohn","firstName":"Joseph","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5584-177X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel."},{"affiliation":"The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5584-177X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3959-7217"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"2","volume":"11","journalIssueId":3976341,"dateOfPublication":"2025 ","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Pers Oriented Res","title":"Journal for person-oriented research","essn":"2003-0177","issn":"2002-0244","nlmid":"101673808","isoabbreviation":"J Pers Oriented Res"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-01-01"},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"96-106","abstractText":"The male gaze of the female body image in terms of thinness reveals its hierarchical structure: first torso, then legs, then arms. This is seen when in one task our male participants rank-ordered 8 composite images of a female body, derived from a Torso (thin vs. large) × Leg (thin/large vs. medium) × Arm (thin vs. large) design, from thinnest to largest. This primary focus on the torso is also critical in determining to what degree the female body image conforms to a desired hourglass shape. In a second task, the participants rank-ordered the same images from least attractive to most attractive. The rank-ordering of thinness was not readily predictive of the rank-ordering of attractiveness, and we found no clear end-structure underlying the female body image in terms of attractiveness. Nevertheless, in tracing the process of rating attractiveness, we can anchor the two ends of the series. The most attractive shapes were either Image 4 or Image 3, both instantiating a low waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The first two choices for the least attractive shape were Image 1 (very thin) and Image 6 (very large). Great variability was found, however, in ranking the other body shapes, comprising composite images displaying an incompatibility of their various body parts. This results in a large number of paths for defining what attractiveness is for a particular male participant.","affiliation":"Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Attractiveness","Thinness","Body Image","Gestalt","Male Gaze","Posac","Rank-Ordering Task"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2025.28095"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12239869"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12239869?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":1,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCreation":"2025-07-11","dateOfRevision":"2025-07-12","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-06-28","firstPublicationDate":"2025-06-28","firstIndexDate":"2025-07-12","fullTextReceivedDate":"2025-12-02","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"41084500","source":"MED","pmid":"41084500","pmcid":"PMC12515351","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12515351"]},"doi":"10.1093/sf/soaf046","title":"It is not what you weigh, it is how you present it: body size, attractiveness, physical functioning, and access to partnership and sexuality for older men and women.","authorString":"Li Y, Waite LJ.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Li Y","lastName":"Li","firstName":"Yiang","initials":"Y","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7811-4321"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"University of Chicago Department of Sociology, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States."},{"affiliation":"NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 606037, United States."}]}},{"fullName":"Waite LJ","lastName":"Waite","firstName":"Linda J","initials":"LJ","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8997-5802"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"University of Chicago Department of Sociology, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States."},{"affiliation":"NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 606037, United States."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7811-4321"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8997-5802"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"2","volume":"104","journalIssueId":4032858,"dateOfPublication":"2025 Dec","monthOfPublication":12,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Soc Forces","title":"Social forces; a scientific medium of social study and interpretation","essn":"1534-7605","issn":"0037-7732","nlmid":"20810070R","isoabbreviation":"Soc Forces"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-12-01"},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"776-802","abstractText":"Physical attractiveness has been linked to better economic, dyadic, and health outcomes but is understudied. We focus here on the gendered implications of attractiveness for one component of social well-being, access to intimate partnership and sexuality, among older adults. In addition, we examine the role of body size, as measured and rated by an observer, in evaluating attractiveness and the diverging consequences for women and men. We use data from Rounds 1 (2005-2006) and 2 (2010-2011) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 2,144) to explore the association of two measures of body size, weight relative to height (body mass index [BMI]) and interviewer assessments of body size, with sexual behavior that requires a partner and sexual behavior that does not. We find that at larger body sizes as reflected in both the BMI and rated body shape, women-but not men-face a lower probability of having a partner and engaging in partnered sex, and a lower frequency of vaginal intercourse and receiving sexual touch. These associations are mediated by physical functioning for the BMI and by attractiveness as rated by the interviewer for rated body shape. We also find that women-but not men-are more likely to report finding sex not pleasurable at a higher BMI, which partly operates through the mechanism of functional limitations. We suggest that these findings reflect different attractiveness standards for men and women, which reduce women's access to partners and partnered sex but not solitary sex, such as masturbation.","affiliation":"University of Chicago Department of Sociology, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"National Institutes of Health","grantId":"R01AG033903","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NIA NIH HHS","acronym":"AG","grantId":"R37 AG030481","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Institutes of Health","grantId":"R37AG030481","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Institute on Aging","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NIA NIH HHS","acronym":"AG","grantId":"R24 AG066588","orderIn":0},{"agency":"University of Michigan’s Centers on the Demography and Economics of Aging Coordinating Center","grantId":"R24AG066588","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NORC at the University of Chicago","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NIA NIH HHS","acronym":"AG","grantId":"R01 AG033903","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Institutes of Health","grantId":"R01AG021487","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NIA NIH HHS","acronym":"AG","grantId":"R01 AG021487","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NIA NIH HHS","acronym":"AG","grantId":"P30 AG066619","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NIA NIH HHS","acronym":"AG","grantId":"R01 AG043538","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NIA NIH HHS","acronym":"AG","grantId":"R01 AG048511","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Institutes of Health","grantId":"R01AG043538","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Institutes of Health","grantId":"R01AG048511","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Aging","Sexuality","Obesity","Gender","Attractiveness","Marriage","Partnership","Body Shape"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf046"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12515351"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12515351?pdf=render"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaf046"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":1,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"Y","hasData":"Y","authMan":"Y","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"Y","manuscriptId":"NIHMS2134071","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2025-10-14","dateOfCreation":"2025-10-14","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-17","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-04-06","firstPublicationDate":"2025-04-06","firstIndexDate":"2025-10-14","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-01-12","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"40127225","source":"MED","pmid":"40127225","doi":"10.1097/scs.0000000000011257","title":"The Face and Body Shape of the Idealized Pin-Up Girls During World War II.","authorString":"Hwang K.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Hwang K","lastName":"Hwang","firstName":"Kun","initials":"K","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1994-2538"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-do."},{"affiliation":"Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1994-2538"}]},"journalInfo":{"journalIssueId":3908065,"dateOfPublication":"2025 Mar","monthOfPublication":3,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Craniofac Surg","title":"The Journal of craniofacial surgery","essn":"1536-3732","issn":"1049-2275","nlmid":"9010410","isoabbreviation":"J Craniofac Surg"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-03-01"},"pubYear":"2025","abstractText":"The objective of this study is to explore the representations of body and face in the pin-up girl imagery of nose art, as desired by World War II soldiers. Faces and body shapes of famous pin-up Hollywood stars were analyzed: Betty Grable, Rita Hayworth, Jane Russell, Marilyn Monroe, Veronica Lake, Lauren Bacall, Mae West, Jean Harlow, Lana Turner, Hedy Lamarr, Dorothy Lamour, Vivian Austin, and Bettie Page. The common traits of nose art pin-up girls were designed to project an idealized version of feminine beauty, emphasizing physical allure-particularly in terms of body lines and facial features-while maintaining a playful and suggestive demeanor. Their attractive faces, curvaceous figures, and flirtatious poses blended Hollywood glamour with fantasy, serving as a morale boost and a symbol of hope or longing for soldiers far from home. The average birth year of the abovementioned 13 classic Hollywood pin-up stars was 1917.15±8.48, and their death year was 1917.15±8.48. Their mean lifespan was 70.08±21.33 years. The mean heights and weights of these stars were 163.23±7.11 cm and 53.54±4.82 kg, respectively. Their mean BMI was 19.98±1.16 kg/m2. Their estimated mean bust, waist, and hip sizes were 35.69±1.38 cm, 23.85±0.80 cm, and 35.54±0.97 cm, respectively. Their estimated mean chest-waist ratio and waist-hip ratio were 1.50±0.07 and 0.67±0.02, respectively. By examining these, plastic surgeons might shift away from contemporary standards toward those of the \"Golden Age\" (1930s-1950s); characterized by voluptuous, hourglass figures emphasizing bust and hips. This approach could lead to surgical results \"glamour, romance, and excitement\" prevalent in popular culture.","affiliation":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-City, Gyeonggi-do.","publicationStatus":"aheadofprint","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000011257"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2025-03-24","dateOfRevision":"2025-03-24","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-03-24","firstPublicationDate":"2025-03-24","firstIndexDate":"2025-03-26","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"39885901","source":"MED","pmid":"39885901","pmcid":"PMC11781775","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC11781775"]},"doi":"10.1097/gox.0000000000006464","title":"ORUS: Ultrasonic Ostemodeling for Body Contouring.","authorString":"Avilez JE, Noriega DR, Martínez CE, Quisilema JM.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Avilez JE","lastName":"Avilez","firstName":"Jesua Emmanuel","initials":"JE","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the NipTuck Plastic Surgery Clinic, Mexico City, Mexico."},{"affiliation":"Plastic Surgery Service, University Hospital Miguel Enriquez, Havana, Cuba."}]}},{"fullName":"Noriega DR","lastName":"Noriega","firstName":"Daniel Rodolfo","initials":"DR","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Plastic Surgery Service, University Hospital Miguel Enriquez, Havana, Cuba."}]}},{"fullName":"Martínez CE","lastName":"Martínez","firstName":"Cesar Edwin","initials":"CE","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Plastic Surgery Medical Surgical Unit, Ibagué, Colombia."}]}},{"fullName":"Quisilema JM","lastName":"Quisilema","firstName":"Jonathan Mauricio","initials":"JM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Plastic Surgery Service, University Hospital Miguel Enriquez, Havana, Cuba."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0009-6245-3447"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"13","journalIssueId":3885461,"dateOfPublication":"2025 Jan","monthOfPublication":1,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open","title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open","essn":"2169-7574","issn":"2169-7574","nlmid":"101622231","isoabbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-01-01"},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"e6464","abstractText":"