{"version":"6.9","hitCount":68,"nextCursorMark":"AoJwwI3YopIDKDUwMzgzNDkz","nextPageUrl":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=%22breast+augmentation%22+AND+%22three-dimensional%22+AND+simulation+AND+%28accuracy+OR+%22actual+outcome%22%29&cursorMark=AoJwwI3YopIDKDUwMzgzNDkz&resultType=core&pageSize=15&sort=P_PDATE_D+desc&format=json","request":{"queryString":"\"breast augmentation\" AND \"three-dimensional\" AND simulation AND (accuracy OR \"actual outcome\")","resultType":"core","cursorMark":"*","pageSize":15,"sort":"P_PDATE_D desc","synonym":false},"resultList":{"result":[{"id":"42689260","source":"MED","pmid":"42689260","pmcid":"PMC13537723","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13537723"]},"doi":"10.1097/gox.0000000000008082","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Surgery in Lymphedema: A Scoping Review of Current Applications, Clinical Translation, and Evidence Gaps.","authorString":"Fabi A, Wendelspiess SR, Klimitz FJ, Zahedi Vafa A, Meroni M, Alves AS, Haas Y, Wallner C, Haykal S, Kappos EA.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Fabi A","lastName":"Fabi","firstName":"Adriano","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."},{"affiliation":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."}]}},{"fullName":"Wendelspiess SR","lastName":"Wendelspiess","firstName":"Séverin R","initials":"SR","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."},{"affiliation":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."}]}},{"fullName":"Klimitz FJ","lastName":"Klimitz","firstName":"Felix J","initials":"FJ","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT."}]}},{"fullName":"Zahedi Vafa A","lastName":"Zahedi Vafa","firstName":"Aliyar","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT."},{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."}]}},{"fullName":"Meroni M","lastName":"Meroni","firstName":"Matteo","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland."}]}},{"fullName":"Alves AS","lastName":"Alves","firstName":"André S","initials":"AS","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva, University Hospitals, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland."}]}},{"fullName":"Haas Y","lastName":"Haas","firstName":"Yvonne","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."},{"affiliation":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."}]}},{"fullName":"Wallner C","lastName":"Wallner","firstName":"Christoph","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Haykal S","lastName":"Haykal","firstName":"Siba","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT."}]}},{"fullName":"Kappos EA","lastName":"Kappos","firstName":"Elisabeth A","initials":"EA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."},{"affiliation":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"9","volume":"14","journalIssueId":4253181,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Sep","monthOfPublication":9,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open","title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open","essn":"2169-7574","issn":"2169-7574","nlmid":"101622231","isoabbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-09-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e8082","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>Lymphedema is a debilitating disease, in which timely diagnosis and standardized monitoring are essential to prevent progression. Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been applied in other surgical disciplines. Therefore, this review summarizes current AI applications in lymphedema management and explores their potential for clinical translation.<h4>Methods</h4>The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched from inception to June 2025 for studies on lymphedema and AI. Peer-reviewed primary studies were included; editorials, reviews, and commentaries were excluded. All reference lists were screened for additional studies. Findings were synthesized qualitatively and grouped by clinical task.<h4>Results</h4>Existing studies primarily evaluate AI for risk prediction, symptom- or image-based screening, automated volumetry, and lymphatic imaging interpretation. Reported performance is frequently high in single-center retrospective datasets; however, external validation and prospective workflow evaluation remain uncommon. Consequently, current applications are largely experimental and rarely used in clinical practice.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The integration of AI-assisted systems into the surgical management of chronic lymphedema has the potential to reduce diagnostic delays and to enable early therapeutic intervention. Additionally, it may improve surgical simulation, training, and real-time support in robotic (super-)microsurgery, thereby enhancing personalized patient care. However, translation to routine practice will require multicenter validation, transparent reporting, and demonstration of clinical utility, cost-effectiveness, and safety.","affiliation":"From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000008082"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13537723"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13537723?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by-nc-nd","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-09-03","dateOfCreation":"2026-09-03","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-23","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-09-02","firstPublicationDate":"2026-09-02","firstIndexDate":"2026-09-04","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-11","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42559587","source":"MED","pmid":"42559587","pmcid":"PMC13441132","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13441132"]},"doi":"10.1097/gox.0000000000007999","title":"Preoperative 3-dimensional Simulation in Aesthetic Surgery.","authorString":"Atiyeh BS, Issa OB, Daoud FJ, Baajour JA.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Atiyeh BS","lastName":"Atiyeh","firstName":"Bishara S","initials":"BS","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon."}]}},{"fullName":"Issa OB","lastName":"Issa","firstName":"Oussama B","initials":"OB","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon."}]}},{"fullName":"Daoud FJ","lastName":"Daoud","firstName":"Fayez J","initials":"FJ","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon."}]}},{"fullName":"Baajour JA","lastName":"Baajour","firstName":"Jana A","initials":"JA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"14","journalIssueId":4239677,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open","title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open","essn":"2169-7574","issn":"2169-7574","nlmid":"101622231","isoabbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e7999","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>Many patients cannot visualize the expected outcome of aesthetic interventions. Better than verbal descriptions and confusing diagrams, preoperative simulation of outcome displays complex ideas simply and improves surgeon-patient communication. Unfortunately, objective assessment of the factors that affect simulation accuracy is still lacking. Moreover, there is no real discussion about the ethical and legal implications of an eventual mismatch between preoperative simulation and the actual surgical outcome. This review aimed to summarize the current status of 3D simulation applications in aesthetic surgery.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic literature search was conducted to identify clinical studies related to aesthetic surgery, measuring and reporting the accuracy of preoperative simulation compared with the achieved outcome.<h4>Results</h4>Seventeen studies (12 on breast augmentation and 5 on rhinoplasty) were identified and included for review. No studies about other aesthetic procedures were identified. Simulation accuracy varied for rhinoplasty. Although high accuracy has been reported in various 3D breast augmentation simulation software programs, dissatisfaction with the accuracy of preoperative simulation information is not negligible. Relying solely on simulation may lead to inaccuracies.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Undoubtedly, 3D simulation has been a significant step forward in aesthetic surgery. Originally introduced to enhance patient consultations, it is now becoming a strategic tool in planning and refining surgical interventions. The possible mismatch between simulation and outcome must be well recognized. Despite its numerous advantages, if misused, the technology can be counterproductive for both patient and surgeon. Making patients aware that simulations may not represent the final surgical outcome is essential.","affiliation":"From the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000007999"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13441132"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13441132?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by-nc-nd","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-06","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-06","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-08-05","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-05","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-07","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-04","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42591726","source":"MED","pmid":"42591726","pmcid":"PMC13462767","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13462767"]},"doi":"10.21037/gs-2026-0218","title":"Endoscopic and Da Vinci robotic-assisted surgery in breast cancer: a narrative review of current evidence, technical advances, and future perspectives.","authorString":"Yin J, Sun Z, Wang C, Wang Q, Cui J.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Yin J","lastName":"Yin","firstName":"Jingjing","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Sun Z","lastName":"Sun","firstName":"Zhaoyang","initials":"Z","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang C","lastName":"Wang","firstName":"Chenyu","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang Q","lastName":"Wang","firstName":"Qian","initials":"Q","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Cui J","lastName":"Cui","firstName":"Jian","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"7","volume":"15","journalIssueId":4243060,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Gland Surg","title":"Gland surgery","essn":"2227-8575","issn":"2227-684X","nlmid":"101606638","isoabbreviation":"Gland Surg"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"202","abstractText":"<h4>Background and objective</h4>Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been increasingly adopted in breast cancer management. Endoscopic breast surgery (EBS) and Da Vinci robotic-assisted breast surgery have emerged as the two principal MIS modalities, with the potential to combine adequate oncological safety with improved aesthetic outcomes. This review summarises the technical evolution, surgical and oncological outcomes, and learning curves of EBS and Da Vinci robotic-assisted breast surgery, and discusses cost considerations and future perspectives.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a structured search on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to 31 March 2026, with a supplementary literature update conducted to include relevant studies published through 1 May 2026. We included studies comparing endoscopic or robotic-assisted techniques with conventional approaches for breast-conserving surgery (BCS), nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), axillary lymph-node dissection (ALND), and breast reconstruction. Randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case series, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were eligible.<h4>Key content and findings</h4>EBS, first developed in East Asian centres, can provide superior cosmetic outcomes in patients with early-stage breast cancer compared with conventional open surgery while maintaining acceptable short-term oncological results. Robotic-assisted NSM (RNSM) with the Da Vinci system provides three-dimensional high-definition visualisation, articulated EndoWrist instruments, and tremor filtering. Pooled data indicate that RNSM is associated with lower rates of skin-flap and nipple-areola complex (NAC) necrosis than conventional open NSM, with comparable short-term oncological outcomes; operative time and procedural costs remain higher. The learning curve for RNSM stabilises after approximately 20-50 cases. The latest development is the Da Vinci single-port (SP) system, which achieves a true single-incision mastectomy via a concealed axillary approach.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Endoscopic and Da Vinci robotic-assisted surgery may be considered as minimally-invasive treatments for breast cancer surgery. Available data suggest short- to medium-term oncological equivalence with conventional surgery and favourable patient-reported outcomes, but long-term follow-up beyond 5 years remains scarce. Prospective randomised controlled trials with prolonged follow-up, formal cost-effectiveness analyses, and standardised training programmes are required before these techniques can be recommended for routine clinical use.","affiliation":"Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Breast cancer","Surgical System","Endoscopic Breast Surgery (Ebs)","Nipple-sparing Mastectomy (Nsm)","Robotic Mastectomy"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/gs-2026-0218"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13462767"},{"availability":"Open 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Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality and Robotics in Cosmetic Procedures.","authorString":"Aguglia R, Niederegger T, Sprunger Y, Knoedler L, Gonzalez J, Cetrulo CL, Lellouch AG, Haykal D.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Aguglia R","lastName":"Aguglia","firstName":"Raffaele","initials":"R","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0007-1266-3409"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. raffaeleagugliaprs@gmail.com."},{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. raffaeleagugliaprs@gmail.com."}]}},{"fullName":"Niederegger T","lastName":"Niederegger","firstName":"Tobias","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Sprunger Y","lastName":"Sprunger","firstName":"Yannick","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Knoedler L","lastName":"Knoedler","firstName":"Leonard","initials":"L","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0009-4279-5669"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA."},{"affiliation":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Gonzalez J","lastName":"Gonzalez","firstName":"Javier","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Cetrulo CL","lastName":"Cetrulo","firstName":"Curtis L","initials":"CL","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Lellouch AG","lastName":"Lellouch","firstName":"Alexandre G","initials":"AG","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8191-8662"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA."},{"affiliation":"Inserm, The Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Team Endotheliopathy and Hemostasis Disorders, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France."},{"affiliation":"Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM UMR-S 1140, University of Paris, 75006, Paris, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Haykal D","lastName":"Haykal","firstName":"Diala","initials":"D","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Centre Laser Palaiseau, Palaiseau, France."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8191-8662"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0007-1266-3409"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0009-4279-5669"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"13","volume":"50","journalIssueId":4237687,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Aesthetic Plast Surg","title":"Aesthetic plastic surgery","essn":"1432-5241","issn":"0364-216X","nlmid":"7701756","isoabbreviation":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"5643-5664","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>Artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and robotics are rapidly transforming aesthetic practice. Despite their growing integration, evidence on their clinical applications, performance, and challenges in cosmetic procedures remain fragmented. This study systematically reviews clinical applications of these tools.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251077168). Comprehensive searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified original studies on AI, AR, or robotics in aesthetic procedures. Eligible studies included applications in surgical and non-surgical contexts.<h4>Results</h4>From 12,316 screened studies, 55 (0.5%) met the eligibility criteria, published between 2009 and 2025. Most studies (n = 33, 60%) applied AI-based image analysis, enabling objective quantification of skin features, volumetric planning in breast and facial surgery, and improved patient communication. A smaller proportion (n = 5, 9.1%) focused on AI-driven risk assessment and outcome prediction. Robotics (n = 9, 16%) could enhance precision in facial, mandibular, hair, and laser procedures, and outperform manual techniques. AR (n = 8, 15%) allowed intraoperative navigation, and preoperative simulations. Methodological quality was overall low-to-moderate.<h4>Conclusion</h4>While AI is rapidly advancing, offering software capable of comprehensive skin analysis, improving patient selection, predicting outcomes, and aiming to objectively assess the results of aesthetic procedures, AR and robotics have been slower to gain a foothold in cosmetic medicine and surgery. Although some studies highlight the remarkable potential of these technologies, their integration into routine practice remains hindered by limitations in evidence quality, dataset diversity, workflow adaptability, cost, and ethical oversight.<h4>No level assigned</h4>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .","affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. raffaeleagugliaprs@gmail.com.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Systematic Review","review-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Cosmetic Techniques"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Esthetics"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Robotics"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Augmented Reality"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Artificial intelligence","Robotics","Cosmetic Surgery","Augmented Reality","Cosmetic Procedures","Aesthetic Medicine","Outcome Simulation"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-05898-w"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13433551"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13433551?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"Y","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-05","dateOfCreation":"2026-05-15","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-20","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-05-15","firstPublicationDate":"2026-05-15","firstIndexDate":"2026-05-17","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-04","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"41344311","source":"MED","pmid":"41344311","doi":"10.1097/prs.0000000000012683","title":"3-Dimensional Simulation for Breast Augmentation: Does the Software Actually Work?","authorString":"Lorange E, Bouhadana G, Oiknine N, Luc M, Borsuk DE.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Lorange E","lastName":"Lorange","firstName":"Elisabeth","initials":"E","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Montreal."}]}},{"fullName":"Bouhadana G","lastName":"Bouhadana","firstName":"Gabriel","initials":"G","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Montreal."}]}},{"fullName":"Oiknine N","lastName":"Oiknine","firstName":"Noah","initials":"N","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Montreal."}]}},{"fullName":"Luc M","lastName":"Luc","firstName":"Mario","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University."}]}},{"fullName":"Borsuk DE","lastName":"Borsuk","firstName":"Daniel E","initials":"DE","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Montreal."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"158","journalIssueId":4219767,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg","title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery","essn":"1529-4242","issn":"0032-1052","nlmid":"1306050","isoabbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"56-65","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>Recent advances in 3-dimensional (3D) imaging, such as the Vectra XT 3D imaging system (Vectra; Canfield Imaging Systems), have enabled simulations for breast augmentation. These simulations are popular and valuable in preoperative consultations, but no studies have evaluated the system's predictive volume accuracy with a large sample size or explored the patient-specific and surgical factors influencing these simulations.<h4>Methods</h4>A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing breast augmentation simulations with Vectra between January of 2021 and December of 2022. Predictive volumetric accuracy was analyzed with a ±10% precision threshold and Bland-Altman visualization. Linear breast measurements were compared using mean and median absolute error analysis, and a generalized linear model with generalized estimating equations was used to identify factors affecting volume prediction accuracy.<h4>Results</h4>The study included 78 patients (154 breasts). Accurate predictions (±10% error) were achieved in 73% of cases, with an average margin of error of 7.52%. The most accurate measurement was sternal-nipple ( P = 0.64) and the least accurate measurement was nipple-inframammary fold ( P = 0.001). Factors influencing prediction accuracy included pregnancy history, preoperative breast volume, and implant volume.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Vectra accurately predicts postoperative breast volumes within a 10% margin of error, although precision decreases with larger breasts (greater than 650 cc). Patient-specific factors, such as pregnancy history and preoperative breast characteristics, should guide preoperative consultations. The system enhances patient education, shared decision-making, and participation in care, reinforcing its value in preoperative planning for breast augmentation.","affiliation":"From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Montreal.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"CIHR","grantId":"Canada Graduate Scholarship-Master’s (CGS M)","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Breast","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DG","qualifierName":"diagnostic imaging"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"AH","qualifierName":"anatomy & histology"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"SU","qualifierName":"surgery"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Organ Size"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Mammaplasty","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Breast Implantation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Prospective Studies"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Breast Implants"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Software"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Adult"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Middle Aged"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Female"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Young Adult"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000012683"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"N","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-06-24","dateOfCreation":"2025-12-04","dateOfRevision":"2026-06-29","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-12-04","firstPublicationDate":"2025-12-04","firstIndexDate":"2025-12-05","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"41854901","source":"MED","pmid":"41854901","pmcid":"PMC13314821","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13314821"]},"doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-05689-3","title":"Artificial Intelligence in Non-Surgical Cosmetic Procedures: A Multi-Stakeholder Revolution.","authorString":"Li J, Li Y, Yan J, Yan L, Li Q.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Li J","lastName":"Li","firstName":"Jiancheng","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-7761-8455"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li Y","lastName":"Li","firstName":"Youyou","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Communication University of China, Beijing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Yan J","lastName":"Yan","firstName":"Jianquan","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Chinese Association of Plastics and Aesthetics, Beijing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Yan L","lastName":"Yan","firstName":"Lijun","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Chinese Association of Plastics and Aesthetics, Beijing, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Li Q","lastName":"Li","firstName":"Qin","initials":"Q","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"AIST Medical Aesthetic Group, 17/F, Block B, Chenghua Development Building, No.98, Shuangcheng 2nd Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. gzzxwk@163.com."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-7761-8455"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"11","volume":"50","journalIssueId":4222433,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jun","monthOfPublication":6,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Aesthetic Plast Surg","title":"Aesthetic plastic surgery","essn":"1432-5241","issn":"0364-216X","nlmid":"7701756","isoabbreviation":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-06-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"4413-4430","abstractText":"Non-surgical cosmetic procedures have experienced significant growth, driven by advancements in technology and changing consumer demographics. The global non-surgical aesthetic market is projected to reach $90.2 billion by 2030, with Asia, particularly China, being a major contributor. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing these procedures by enhancing patient engagement, clinical decision-making, and operational efficiency. AI applications span from personalized aesthetic assessments and treatment planning to real-time monitoring and post-procedural care. This review synthesizes recent advancements in AI integration across the non-surgical cosmetic workflow, addressing challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for comprehensive physician training. By adopting a multi-stakeholder perspective, the review highlights AI's potential to democratize access to personalized, safe aesthetic care while emphasizing the importance of ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .","affiliation":"Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Cosmetic Techniques","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"TD","qualifierName":"trends"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Esthetics"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Precision Medicine","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Artificial intelligence","Personalized 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of Anatomy, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Popa SL","lastName":"Popa","firstName":"Stefan Lucian","initials":"SL","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-5508-2598"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"2nd Medical Department, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Incze V","lastName":"Incze","firstName":"Victor","initials":"V","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-4418-6465"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Faculty of Medicine, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Amarie DS","lastName":"Amarie","firstName":"Darius-Stefan","initials":"DS","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0003-8382-0919"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Faculty of Medicine, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Gaspari L","lastName":"Gaspari","firstName":"Leo","initials":"L","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-9788-6131"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Faculty of Medicine, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Aluas P","lastName":"Aluas","firstName":"Paul","initials":"P","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Faculty of Medicine, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Ismaiel A","lastName":"Ismaiel","firstName":"Abdulrahman","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7435-271X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"2nd Medical Department, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Leucuta DC","lastName":"Leucuta","firstName":"Daniel Corneliu","initials":"DC","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-4218-8622"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"David L","lastName":"David","firstName":"Liliana","initials":"L","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5442-3138"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"2nd Medical Department, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Mihaileanu FV","lastName":"Mihaileanu","firstName":"Florin Vasile","initials":"FV","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Surgery, Emergency County Hospital Cluj, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Gherman CD","lastName":"Gherman","firstName":"Claudia Diana","initials":"CD","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Surgery-Practical Abilities, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Brata VD","lastName":"Brata","firstName":"Vlad Dumitru","initials":"VD","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0007-8962"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Gastroenterology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology \"Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor\", 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}},{"fullName":"Magurean ID","lastName":"Magurean","firstName":"Irina Dora","initials":"ID","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department Photo-Video, University of Arts and Design, 400148 Cluj-Napoca, Romania."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5442-3138"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7435-271X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0007-8962"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-5508-2598"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-4218-8622"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0003-8382-0919"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-4418-6465"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-9788-6131"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"4","volume":"62","journalIssueId":4188750,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Mar","monthOfPublication":3,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Medicina (Kaunas)","title":"Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)","essn":"1648-9144","issn":"1010-660X","nlmid":"9425208","isoabbreviation":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-03-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"633","abstractText":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping esthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery by improving measurement accuracy, treatment planning, and prediction of surgical outcomes. This article provides a scientific overview of current AI applications, including automated image analysis, machine-learning-based outcome forecasting, and generative models for preoperative simulation. AI-driven three-dimensional morphometrics allow precise, reproducible quantification of facial and body structures, supporting more objective assessments of symmetry, proportion, and contour. Predictive algorithms trained on large clinical datasets can estimate postoperative results and complication risks with higher consistency than traditional subjective evaluation. Intraoperative AI tools, such as real-time image guidance and robotic assistance, show potential to increase procedural precision and reduce variability. Despite these advances, important limitations persist. Algorithmic bias, restricted data diversity, opaque model architectures, and unresolved ethical concerns regarding data privacy and esthetic standardization challenge widespread clinical adoption. Overall, AI offers a powerful framework for enhancing precision and reproducibility in esthetic surgery, but its safe and responsible integration will require rigorous validation, transparent methodology, and continued human oversight.","affiliation":"Department of Anatomy, \"Iuliu Hatieganu\" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Esthetics"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Beauty"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Surgery, Plastic","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"TD","qualifierName":"trends"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Artificial Intelligence","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"ST","qualifierName":"standards"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"TD","qualifierName":"trends"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Machine Learning"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Artificial intelligence","Plastic surgery","Preoperative Planning","Surgical Outcomes"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62040633"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13117585"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13117585?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-07-16","dateOfCreation":"2026-05-04","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-03-26","firstPublicationDate":"2026-03-26","firstIndexDate":"2026-05-13","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-05-18","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"41859503","source":"MED","pmid":"41859503","pmcid":"PMC12999135","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12999135"]},"doi":"10.1097/gox.0000000000007529","title":"The Role of 3-dimensional Imaging and Telemedicine in Breast Augmentation Consultations: A Prospective Cohort Study of 1153 Cases and a Randomized Controlled Trial in Thailand.","authorString":"Pruksapong C, Permpool L.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Pruksapong C","lastName":"Pruksapong","firstName":"Chatchai","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand."},{"affiliation":"Absolute Beauty Clinic, Bangkok, Thailand."}]}},{"fullName":"Permpool L","lastName":"Permpool","firstName":"Lunchana","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Nursing, King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"3","volume":"14","journalIssueId":4137262,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Mar","monthOfPublication":3,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open","title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open","essn":"2169-7574","issn":"2169-7574","nlmid":"101622231","isoabbreviation":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-03-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e7529","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>This study evaluated the effectiveness of 3-dimensional (3D) imaging-based telemedicine consultations compared with traditional face-to-face consultations, focusing on patient satisfaction, decision-making, and the potential applications of 3D imaging data. The introduction of 3D imaging technology offers new opportunities for detailed analysis of breast anatomy, providing insights previously unavailable to surgeons.<h4>Methods</h4>A prospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the correlation among breast anatomy, implant dimensions, parity status, and surgical procedures using data from 3D surface imaging. Additionally, a randomized controlled trial was performed to investigate the efficacy and patient satisfaction of 3D imaging combined with telemedicine in preoperative consultations.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 1153 patients were included in the cohort study, revealing significant correlations among parity status, the addition of mastopexy to breast augmentation, and implant selection. The average time to revision in secondary augmentation procedures was 5.2 ± 3.45 years. In the randomized controlled trial, 120 patients were enrolled, with 60 in the 3D telemedicine group and 60 in the conventional face-to-face consultation group. The 3D telemedicine group demonstrated significantly shorter face-to-face consultation times (10.14 ± 2.23 versus 22.43 ± 5.45 min) and higher patient satisfaction scores compared with the conventional group.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Three-dimensional surface imaging technology provides comprehensive breast parameter assessments, including breast volume, width, and projection, enabling enhanced preoperative planning and individualized implant selection. When combined with telemedicine, this technology significantly reduces face-to-face consultation time while improving patient satisfaction, making it a valuable tool in modern breast augmentation practice.","affiliation":"From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000007529"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12999135"},{"availability":"Open 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Osterberg A, Mozer V, de Menezes EAW, Römer L, Kyosev Y, Spickenheuer A, Scheffler C, Stommel M.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Tonndorf R","lastName":"Tonndorf","firstName":"Robert","initials":"R","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany. tonndorf@ipfdd.de."}]}},{"fullName":"Elschner C","lastName":"Elschner","firstName":"Cindy","initials":"C","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2108-7040"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Osterberg A","lastName":"Osterberg","firstName":"Alice","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Mozer V","lastName":"Mozer","firstName":"Victor","initials":"V","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"de Menezes EAW","lastName":"de Menezes","firstName":"Eduardo Antonio Wink","initials":"EAW","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Römer L","lastName":"Römer","firstName":"Lilly","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Chair of Development and Assembly of Textile Products, Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Kyosev Y","lastName":"Kyosev","firstName":"Yordan","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Chair of Development and Assembly of Textile Products, Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Spickenheuer A","lastName":"Spickenheuer","firstName":"Axel","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany."},{"affiliation":"Faculty Design, University of Applied Sciences HTW Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Scheffler C","lastName":"Scheffler","firstName":"Christina","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany."},{"affiliation":"Institute of Construction Materials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Stommel M","lastName":"Stommel","firstName":"Markus","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany."},{"affiliation":"Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2108-7040"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics","supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"16","journalIssueId":4136188,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Mar","monthOfPublication":3,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Sci Rep","title":"Scientific reports","essn":"2045-2322","issn":"2045-2322","nlmid":"101563288","isoabbreviation":"Sci Rep"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-03-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"8270","abstractText":"Conventional mesh pockets manufactured from flat textiles by cutting and sewing often display wrinkles, excess material, and suboptimal fit on curved surfaces. This study demonstrates that free-standing lace embroidery enables the production of near-net-shape hemispherical mesh pockets with predefined pore geometries using standard embroidery machines. These pockets are scalable to different implant sizes and shapes. Experimental evaluations, including tensile and drop testing as well as 3D surface scanning, confirmed that the pockets are mechanically robust and exhibit excellent conformity with minimal wrinkling. These results highlight the potential of embroidery as a versatile platform for developing patient-specific surgical mesh implants.","affiliation":"Division Polymer Materials Engineering, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany. tonndorf@ipfdd.de.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Materials Testing"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Surgical Mesh"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Surface Properties"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Tensile Strength"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Textiles"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Breast Reconstruction","Medical Textiles","Embroidery","Textile Engineering","Surgical Mesh Implant","Free-standing Lace"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-36575-2"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12966322"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12966322?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"Y","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-07-10","dateOfCreation":"2026-03-04","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-03-04","firstPublicationDate":"2026-03-04","firstIndexDate":"2026-03-06","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-03-08","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"41401664","source":"MED","pmid":"41401664","pmcid":"PMC12860196","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12860196"]},"doi":"10.1016/j.jmbbm.2025.107283","title":"A comprehensive biomechanical material characterization of the human breast fibro-structural support system.","authorString":"Bhattarai A, Reece GP, Brock KK, Ravi-Chandar K.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Bhattarai A","lastName":"Bhattarai","firstName":"Aroj","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Reece GP","lastName":"Reece","firstName":"Gregory P","initials":"GP","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Brock KK","lastName":"Brock","firstName":"Kristy K","initials":"KK","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Ravi-Chandar K","lastName":"Ravi-Chandar","firstName":"Krishnaswamy","initials":"K","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2171-0787"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA. 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This paper aims to provide a comprehensive description of the mechanical behavior of the ligamentous and fascial connective tissues of the human female breast. Fasciae and ligaments obtained from 17 patients between 35 and 85 years of age who were undergoing mastectomy and three female cadavers were tested. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted, and three constitutive models -- the phenomenological Fung exponential model, the invariant-based anisotropic Gasser-Ogden-Holzapfel model, and the meso-scale structural constitutive model -- were employed to fit the experimental stretch-stress curves. Our results show that the stiffness becomes consistent once collagen fibers are fully stretched, regardless of tissue type or patient factors. This paper presents a comprehensive mechanical characterization of all the connective tissues contributing to the fascial support structures of the breast, collectively termed here as the breast fibro-structural support (BFSS) system. A generalized stress-stretch curve with initial stretch as the only variable effectively captures patient-specific variability.","affiliation":"Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"National Institutes of Health","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NCI NIH HHS","acronym":"CA","grantId":"P30 CA016672","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","grantId":"R01EB032533","orderIn":0},{"agency":"NIBIB NIH HHS","acronym":"EB","grantId":"R01 EB032533","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Cancer Institute","grantId":"P30CA016672","orderIn":0},{"agency":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer 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the Accuracy and Repeatability of Mobile 3D Imaging Applications for Breast Phantom Reconstruction.","authorString":"Botti E, Jansen B, Ballen-Moreno F, Kapila A, Brahimetaj R.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Botti E","lastName":"Botti","firstName":"Elena","initials":"E","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0007-7734-613X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium."}]}},{"fullName":"Jansen B","lastName":"Jansen","firstName":"Bart","initials":"B","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8042-6834"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium."},{"affiliation":"IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium."}]}},{"fullName":"Ballen-Moreno 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reconstructive and plastic surgery due to their potential for efficient and accurate preoperative assessment and planning. This study systematically evaluates the accuracy and consistency of six commercially available 3D scanning applications (apps)-Structure Sensor, 3D Scanner App, Heges, Polycam, SureScan, and Kiri-in reconstructing the female torso. To avoid variability introduced by human subjects, a silicone breast mannequin model was scanned, with fiducial markers placed at known anatomical landmarks. Manual distance measurements were obtained using calipers by two independent evaluators and compared to digital measurements extracted from 3D reconstructions in Blender software. Each scan was repeated six times per application to ensure reliability. SureScan demonstrated the lowest mean error (2.9 mm), followed by Structure Sensor (3.0 mm), Heges (3.6 mm), 3D Scanner App (4.4 mm), Kiri (5.0 mm), and Polycam (21.4 mm), which showed the highest error and variability. Even the app using an external depth sensor (Structure Sensor) showed no statistically significant accuracy advantage over those using only the iPad's built-in camera (except for Polycam), underscoring that software is the primary driver of performance, not hardware (alone). This work provides practical insights for selecting mobile 3D scanning tools in clinical workflows and highlights key limitations, such as scaling errors and alignment artifacts. Future work should include patient-based validation and explore deep learning to enhance reconstruction quality. Ultimately, this study lays the foundation for more accessible and cost-effective 3D imaging in surgical practice, showing that smartphone-based tools can produce clinically useful scans.","affiliation":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Breast","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DG","qualifierName":"diagnostic imaging"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"SU","qualifierName":"surgery"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Imaging, 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required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154596"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12349111"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12349111?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":3,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"Y","hasData":"Y","license":"cc 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I","lastName":"Mamcarz","firstName":"Izabela","initials":"I","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-5272-7186"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Simulation Laboratory for Patient Safety, Chair of Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Podleśna M","lastName":"Podleśna","firstName":"Marcelina","initials":"M","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0002-2266-3764"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Student Scientific Club of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Bis E","lastName":"Bis","firstName":"Emanuela","initials":"E","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-0043-0011"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Student Scientific Club of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Białek A","lastName":"Białek","firstName":"Aleksandra","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0006-7840-3290"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Student Scientific Club of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Curzytek K","lastName":"Curzytek","firstName":"Kacper","initials":"K","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0006-3049-0188"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Student Scientific Club of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Guz A","lastName":"Guz","firstName":"Andrzej","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0008-8006-9679"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Student Scientific Club of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Wilhelm K","lastName":"Wilhelm","firstName":"Klaudia","initials":"K","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0009-9934-0227"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Student Scientific Club of Plastic, Reconstructive Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Majewski M","lastName":"Majewski","firstName":"Marek","initials":"M","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5363-9818"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Microsurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Torres K","lastName":"Torres","firstName":"Kamil","initials":"K","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5602-3744"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Microsurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Surowiecka A","lastName":"Surowiecka","firstName":"Agnieszka","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3360-716X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Microsurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5363-9818"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5602-3744"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-5272-7186"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-0043-0011"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3360-716X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0002-2266-3764"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0006-3049-0188"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0006-7840-3290"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0008-8006-9679"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0009-9934-0227"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"volume":"31","journalIssueId":3968162,"dateOfPublication":"2025 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Med Sci Monit","title":"Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research","essn":"1643-3750","issn":"1234-1010","nlmid":"9609063","isoabbreviation":"Med Sci Monit"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-07-01"},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"e947227","abstractText":"BACKGROUND Aesthetic procedures aligning with societal beauty standards are gaining popularity, often driven by unrealistic beauty ideals. However, these treatments frequently disappoint individuals with low self-esteem and distorted self-images. AI tools offer potential for a more objective assessment, generating pre-treatment simulations. This study explores the relationship between psychological profiles and AI evaluations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-seven participants underwent psychological tests (TIPI-PL, SWLS, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and Self-Perception Scale). An AI neural network analyzed facial images across 7 traits: attractiveness, competence, restfulness, joy, dominance, health, and trustworthiness. The AI application dedicated to tablets that we used is available online. After taking a photo of the face, the application creates a heatmap with facial features pictured on the scale. Participants also self-assessed these traits using the SPS scale. Pearson's r and the Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine correlations and compare AI and self-assessment results. RESULTS The AI-based analysis assessed female faces as more attractive (P<0.001), more rested (P=0.004), happier (P<0.001) and more trustworthy (P<0.001). There was a significant association trending towards statistical significance between 'Competent' and 'Rested' AI results with TIPI Extraversion (P=0.045). None of the other results of the analysis of psychological status, personality types, self-esteem, and well-being reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS AI applications present promising opportunities for enhancing medical practices. In this study we observed some limitations, especially concerning the intricate interplay between physical appearance, psychological factors, and AI facial evaluation. The SPS scale was significantly correlated with other psychological tests, although AI ratings were generally lower than self-assessments. Therefore, AI should not be the only tool used for planning aesthetic procedures.","affiliation":"Simulation Laboratory for Patient Safety, Chair of Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Face","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"AH","qualifierName":"anatomy & histology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Pilot Projects"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Self Concept"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Beauty"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Psychological Tests"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Adult"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Female"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Male"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Young Adult"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Self Report"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.947227"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12282295"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12282295?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":1,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by-nc-nd","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2025-07-18","dateOfCreation":"2025-07-18","dateOfRevision":"2025-07-24","electronicPublicationDate":"2025-07-18","firstPublicationDate":"2025-07-18","firstIndexDate":"2025-07-19","fullTextReceivedDate":"2025-11-27","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"PMC12069863","source":"PMC","pmcid":"PMC12069863","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC12069863"]},"title":"Augmentation AI: Use of a Novel Deep Learning-Based Generative Artificial Intelligence System As a Tool for Breast Augmentation Simulation","journalInfo":{"issue":"Suppl 1","volume":"7","journalIssueId":3942954,"dateOfPublication":"2025 May","monthOfPublication":5,"yearOfPublication":2025,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Aesthet Surg J Open Forum","title":"Aesthetic surgery journal. 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Engl"},"printPublicationDate":"2025-02-01"},"pubYear":"2025","pageInfo":"S15-S113","language":"eng","pubModel":"Undetermined","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Abstract"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"PubMedCentral","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11847618/?tool=EBI"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"PubMedCentral","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11847618/pdf/?tool=EBI"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11847618"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11847618?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","license":"cc 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R","lastName":"Wang","firstName":"Rongrong","initials":"R","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China."}]}},{"fullName":"Sun J","lastName":"Sun","firstName":"Jiaming","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. sunjm1592@sina.com."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8101-7020"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"19","volume":"48","journalIssueId":3847951,"dateOfPublication":"2024 Oct","monthOfPublication":10,"yearOfPublication":2024,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Aesthetic Plast Surg","title":"Aesthetic plastic surgery","essn":"1432-5241","issn":"0364-216X","nlmid":"7701756","isoabbreviation":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},"printPublicationDate":"2024-10-01"},"pubYear":"2024","pageInfo":"3878-3895","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>The use of three-dimensional imaging in breast augmentation with silicone implants has revolutionized the surgery planning process by providing detailed visualizations of expected post-surgical outcomes. This technology enhances the decision-making process, enabling patients to choose their implants with greater confidence and ultimately leading to higher satisfaction with the postoperative outcome.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aims to assess the accuracy of 3D imaging simulations using the Canfield Vectra XT 3D system in predicting breast augmentation outcomes in Chinese patients, focusing on volume, surface contour, breast anterior-posterior (AP) Projection, and breast internal angle.<h4>Methods</h4>Our study analyzed female patients who received breast augmentation, documenting their preoperative and three-month postoperative conditions with 3D Vectra XT system images. Exclusions were made for patients undergoing concurrent breast surgeries or those with tuberous or ptotic breasts, due to limitations of the imaging system. Implants used were either round textured or anatomically shaped cohesive silicone gel, inserted subpectorally through trans-axillary or inframammary incisions, based on personalized evaluations. A detailed comparison between preoperative simulations and actual postoperative outcomes was conducted, focusing on volume, surface contour, AP projection, and internal angle variations. Statistical significance was determined through paired T tests, P < 0.05.<h4>Results</h4>In the analysis of preoperative simulations for determining postoperative outcomes in breast surgery, our study involving 42 Chinese patients, a total of 84 breasts, was conducted. The results indicated a mean volumetric discrepancy of 21.5 ± 10.3 (SD) cubic centimeters between the simulated and actual postoperative outcomes, achieving an accuracy rate of 91.9%. The root mean square deviation for the breast surface geometry was calculated to be 4.5 ± 1.1 (SD) millimeters (mm), demonstrating a low variance between the predicted and observed outcomes. The investigation found no significant variations across any specific areas of the breast surface, highlighting the uniform accuracy of the simulations across the entire breast. Additionally, the mean differences in Anterior-Posterior (AP) projection and internal angle were determined to be 8.82 ± 5.64 mm and 0.48 ± 1.91 (SD) degrees, respectively. These findings collectively attest to the efficacy of preoperative simulations in accurately predicting the postoperative physical appearance of breasts, thereby providing a valuable tool for surgical planning and improving the consultation process for patients.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The Canfield Vectra XT 3D system has proven to be remarkably accurate in predicting the volumetric outcomes of breast augmentation surgery, with an accuracy rate exceeding 91.9%. It stands as a valuable tool for surgeons and patients alike, enhancing the preoperative planning process by offering a realistic preview of surgical results. This advancement not only facilitates a deeper understanding and setting of realistic expectations for patients but also strengthens the communication between patients and surgeons, ultimately leading to higher satisfaction rates with the surgical outcomes. It also emphasizes the significance of detailed documentation and consent processes in protecting against legal repercussions.<h4>Level of evidence ii</h4>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .","affiliation":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. assaaeed@yahoo.com.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Breast","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DG","qualifierName":"diagnostic imaging"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"SU","qualifierName":"surgery"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Silicone Gels"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Treatment Outcome"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Mammaplasty","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Breast Implantation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Retrospective Studies"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Cohort Studies"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Breast Implants"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Esthetics"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Adult"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Middle Aged"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Patient Satisfaction","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"SN","qualifierName":"statistics & numerical data"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"China"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Female"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Young Adult"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"East Asian People"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Accuracy","Breast Augmentation","3D Imaging","Volumetric Analysis","Surface Contour Analysis","Vectra Xt"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Silicone Gels","registryNumber":"0"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04007-z"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","citedByCount":3,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2024-11-06","dateOfCreation":"2024-03-28","dateOfRevision":"2026-03-30","electronicPublicationDate":"2024-03-27","firstPublicationDate":"2024-03-27","firstIndexDate":"2024-03-28","hasEvaluations":"N"}]}}