# nx_yt_transcript v1 # video_id=50QKymK1cgE # title=The Secret to Realistic Faces: Skull Anatomy Explained # lang=en # kind=asr # format=json3 # segments=1145 # video_url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50QKymK1cgE # source_url=https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=50QKymK1cgE&ei=yvOtatrhBKPfybgP_u3G2QQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&xowf=1&xospf=1&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1789810234&sparams=ip,ipbits,expire,v,ei,caps,opi,xoaf&signature=5BD66D0DC3EB1C9189E2C62572ADE8FDFEB0C6C1.C6FB82757927E168BBCAEA5865AC102517D6993D&key=yt8&kind=asr&lang=en&fmt=json3 # fetched_at=1789785034 2560 6240 Okay. So, let's talk about the key 6550 2250 6560 5999 landmarks. This comes from a lecture 8790 3769 8800 6719 that I give to my uh character sculpting 12549 2970 12559 4720 uh students and um it seems to be 15509 1770 15519 4961 helping because their sculpts have been 17269 3211 17279 5601 getting better. So the idea is to go 20470 2410 20480 6080 through each of the body parts, the 22870 3690 22880 6159 underlying uh anatomy that goes with it 26550 2489 26560 5999 and then you will have the opportunity 29029 3530 29039 5281 yourself to go and draw it. So that's 32549 1771 32559 3201 going to be the assignment for today is 34310 1450 34320 3120 whenever you're done with this, you're 35750 1690 35760 4639 you're going to go and you're going to 37430 2969 37440 5600 draw and label the skull. All right, so 40389 2651 40399 5680 that's going to be the assignment for uh 43030 3049 43040 5679 today whenever you guys are are done. 46069 2650 46079 7681 All right. So, let us uh let's begin 48709 5051 48719 9360 with the front uh facing part of the 53750 4329 53760 7520 skull. So, uh the way I want artists to 58069 3211 58079 6881 start kind of thinking about the the 61270 3690 61280 7600 skull itself is there are basically two 64950 3930 64960 8560 portions of the skull. So, there's going 68870 4650 68880 10160 to be the cranial portion and then the 73510 5530 73520 7440 facial portion of it. most um 79030 1930 79040 3759 there's a a few different philosophies 80950 1849 80960 7040 when it comes to this. I'll say that 82789 5211 82799 8721 much. The two philosophies are that 87990 3530 88000 5280 uh there is this part of the brain right 91510 1770 91520 4480 where we consider it we consider this 93270 2730 93280 5519 the brain case right this part houses 95990 2809 96000 5520 the brain it's the larger part of these 98789 2731 98799 5441 two [snorts] and uh then there's the 101510 2730 101520 6639 facial part of it that houses our nose 104230 3929 104240 5519 eyes and our mouth there is another 108149 1610 108159 3920 framework for this so that I want you 109749 2330 109759 5121 guys to be aware of it um there's 112069 2811 112079 4320 artists out there I Andrew Lis, I don't 114870 1529 114880 3760 know if you've ever heard of Andrew Lis, 116389 2251 116399 5281 but he's a famous artist. A lot of them 118630 3050 118640 6000 take it in the sense of they will take 121670 2970 121680 5520 this portion of the face, right? Like 124630 2570 124640 5599 they'll take the brain case and the face 127190 3049 127200 6640 all the way up to the upper part of the 130229 3611 130239 5841 jaw and then they reduce the rest into 133830 2250 133840 5600 the mandible, right? they'll separate 136070 3370 136080 6720 those two pieces because the idea is 139430 3370 139440 7040 that you're focusing on the movable 142790 3690 142800 5760 piece of the head versus the part of it 146470 2090 146480 4000 that doesn't move. So that's another 148550 1930 148560 4399 framework that I want you to be aware of 150470 2489 150480 4320 that exists out there as people who take 152949 1851 152959 4961 because when you're thinking about the 154790 3130 154800 5439 lower mandible, the jawbone over here, 157910 2329 157920 4319 it's the one part of the head that 160229 2010 160239 4401 hinges, right? It's on a hinge and it 162229 2411 162239 5041 hinges back and forth. So there are 164630 2650 164640 4480 artists that take it in the sense of 167270 1850 167280 5599 there's the mandible and then there's 169110 3769 169120 5759 the upper portion of the skull. All 172869 2010 172879 3681 right. So those are the two main 174869 1691 174879 3681 frameworks. But for the framework that 176550 2010 176560 4800 we're going to work with, I want you to 178550 2810 178560 5120 think of it as there's the brain case, 181350 2330 181360 5120 right? This part that houses the brain 183670 2810 183680 6240 and then the rest of it handles our 186470 3450 186480 6399 facial features. All right? So we have 189910 2969 189920 7599 our sppheninoid bone to the side over 192869 4650 192879 8161 here. We've got our parietal bone up 197509 3531 197519 6321 here, the occipital bone back here, the 201030 2810 201040 6880 temporal bone. This is where our ear 203830 4090 203840 7520 canal is. And then we have our frontal 207910 3450 207920 6080 bone right here on the side. We've got 211350 2650 211360 4799 this parietal bone. And this bone is the 213990 2169 214000 6879 one that's on the side that gives us 216149 4730 216159 7841 that uh side edge to the face. All 220869 3131 220879 7681 right. So now let's talk about the the 223990 4570 224000 7200 facial part of our skull which includes 228550 2650 228560 6000 the zygomatic bone, right? We've got 231190 3370 231200 7520 this kind of zygomatic arch that happens 234550 4170 234560 9280 right into here and then that goes into 238710 5130 238720 9360 your maxilla, your upper jaw bone. All 243830 4250 243840 6479 right? And then we have our mandible 248070 2249 248080 5519 which is commonly referred to as your 250309 3290 250319 7760 lower jawbone. And when you take these 253589 4490 253599 7841 two pieces into uh consideration, you 258069 3371 258079 6400 get the entirety of the skull and then 261430 3049 261440 7600 how it is connected to the face. All 264469 4571 264479 6081 right? And depending on the jawline or 269030 1530 269040 3360 um 270550 1850 270560 4960 you know the things that affect the 272390 3130 272400 7359 skull, right? Uh we we talk about it in 275510 4249 275520 6959 in the sense of you have ethnicity that 279749 2730 279759 5681 affects your skull shape. You have your 282469 2971 282479 6081 gender that affects your jaw shape. And 285430 3130 285440 5680 then your age affects your jaw shape. 288550 2570 288560 5280 Right? The older you get, the babies 291110 2730 291120 4960 have more bones than adults. And then 293830 2250 293840 5120 the older you get at the elderly, you 296070 2890 296080 5440 start to get bone loss, osteoporosis, 298950 2570 298960 5600 uh you know, macular degeneration of 301510 3050 301520 5360 your bone. Right? So you will lose bone 304550 2330 304560 5760 the older you get and you start with 306870 3450 306880 7759 more bones uh as a baby, right? Certain 310310 4329 310320 8640 bones fuse together as you age, right? 314629 4331 314639 7361 And then you lose them as we lose the 318950 3050 318960 5360 calcium in our body, things like that, 321990 2330 322000 4880 right? So these are the kind of things 324310 2570 324320 4879 that you will think about as an artist 326870 2329 326880 4640 is you start with a certain number of 329189 2331 329199 3601 bones, you get a the finite amount of 331510 1290 331520 3920 bones that you're going to get as an 332790 2650 332800 7760 adult and then you lose it again the 335430 5130 335440 7440 older you get. All right. So these 340550 2330 340560 7680 facial landmarks right it's important to 342870 5370 342880 7039 understand them because it helps us give 348230 1689 348240 4399 landmarks 349909 2730 349919 6801 for where we can draw them and then 352629 4091 352639 6161 depict them properly. All right. So what 356710 2090 356720 4400 you should do whenever you're kind of 358790 2330 358800 6320 drawing the skull is you want to split 361110 4010 361120 7440 it up into four different units. All 365110 3450 365120 6000 right. The widest point of the skull, 368550 2570 368560 4479 right, is this parietal eminence right 371110 1929 371120 4639 here. Your parietal bone is this 373029 2730 373039 5761 sidebone right here. And that is the 375749 3051 375759 4401 widest point of your skull, right? What 378790 1370 378800 2880 people will usually do is they'll split 380150 1530 380160 3680 it in half and then they'll split it 381670 2170 381680 5280 into fourths. And then you can put all 383830 3130 383840 6639 of these inside of there, right? The 386950 3529 386960 5679 center line, right? The middle of it is 390469 2170 390479 6401 the center of your eyeball. And that 392629 4251 392639 6801 usually falls at the top of your nasal 396870 2570 396880 5520 aperture, right? The top of your nasal 399430 2970 399440 5840 aperture where your nasal bone starts to 402390 2890 402400 5919 fall. So if you're drawing it, you want 405270 3049 405280 6960 to think, okay, where does my eye fall 408309 3931 408319 7121 and where is my nasal falling in 412230 3210 412240 5679 comparison to that? And then you can use 415430 2489 415440 4879 that to kind of start roughening 417909 2410 417919 3680 roughing in [snorts] these shapes. And 420309 1290 420319 3600 what you want to al also want to 421589 2330 421599 5040 remember is that your eye socket isn't 423909 2730 423919 7120 just a circle, right? It's almost kind 426629 4410 426639 7441 of like a rectangular eggshaped sphere. 431029 3051 431039 6720 All right? And then further down from 434070 3689 434080 7040 that is where you get the start of the 437749 3371 437759 6081 teeth, right? The start of the upper 441110 2730 441120 6479 teeth. All right? And then the last line 443830 3769 443840 5520 is the bottom of the chin. All right? 447589 1771 447599 4081 Um, another trick that people do is 449350 2330 449360 4959 they'll use maybe eyeballs, right? 451670 2649 451680 4959 They'll say it's about five eyeballs in 454309 2330 454319 6961 length across, right? And that's the 456629 4651 456639 6641 width of your um this part of your face. 461270 2010 461280 6479 All right? So, these are key bony 463270 4489 463280 8160 landmarks that you want to keep in mind. 467749 3691 467759 7560 All right? Whenever you are uh drawing 471430 3889 471440 3879 your characters. 476070 0 476080 4160 All right? 478390 1850 478400 5160 So 480230 3330 480240 3320 right here, 488230 0 488240 8880 this is your the top of your forehead. 492710 4410 492720 7520 The top you can see where the eye falls 497110 3130 497120 4240 inside of that where your eye socket is. 500230 1130 500240 4959 All right. And then you have your 501350 3849 501360 5679 cheekbone and then your lower jaw is 505189 1850 505199 4321 right about there. 507029 2491 507039 4961 All right. So when you split this the 509510 2490 509520 4399 skull into these four additional parts, 511990 1929 512000 4719 it helps you define the secondary 513909 2810 513919 5441 landmarks. All right. So using four hor 516709 2651 516719 5120 horizontal divisions will reveal three 519350 2489 519360 5599 additional landmarks and four key 521829 3130 521839 5921 regions that will help us navigate each 524949 2811 524959 5121 portion of the skull with relative ease. 527750 2330 527760 5920 Firstly, it aids in identifying the 530070 3610 530080 6400 widest point right of the skull known as 533670 2810 533680 4480 the parietal eminence. 536470 1690 536480 3840 All right. 538150 2170 538160 5920 Secondly, it allows us to locate the top 540310 3770 540320 5920 of the nasal aperture. Right. This is 544070 2170 544080 4720 the ey line right here. And then you 546230 2570 546240 5760 usually want to put the top of that 548790 3210 548800 5360 nasal uh aperture right there. And then 551990 2170 552000 5279 it's right in line with the ey line 554150 3129 554160 6320 which coincide with the exact midpoint 557269 3211 557279 6560 of the head. All right. So this is the 560470 3369 560480 6560 center of the head. Third, it helps us 563829 3211 563839 4801 to pinpoint the start of the upper 567030 1610 567040 4000 teeth. 568630 2410 568640 6319 All right. These divisions establish 571030 3929 571040 6640 four distinct regions. The forehead at 574949 2731 574959 5201 the top. 577670 2490 577680 8279 All right. 580150 5809 580160 5799 Followed by the top of the eye socket 588230 0 588240 10719 and cheekbones below the middle line. 593990 4969 594000 7360 and the lower jaw at the bottom. 598949 2411 598959 4081 Embracing these divisions facilitates a 601350 1690 601360 4640 deeper understanding of the skull's 603030 2970 603040 6160 proportions and aids in the accurate 605990 3210 606000 6640 representation of distinct facial 609190 3450 609200 7840 regions. All right. So when we think 612630 4410 612640 7840 about how then muscle is distributed 617030 3450 617040 6160 around the face depending on right like 620470 2730 620480 8880 I said age, 623190 6170 623200 10079 gender and uh ethnicity right the fat to 629350 3929 629360 7840 muscle ratio is very very different. All 633269 3931 633279 7521 right. So when we think about how 637190 3610 637200 7600 from a newborn to the elderly, the 640790 4010 640800 6719 jawline itself will change. Right? If 644790 2729 644800 6640 you've got a baby, a newborn, you've got 647509 3931 647519 7201 about 135 degrees to 150 degrees when it 651430 3290 651440 6320 comes to the angle of their jawline. 654710 3050 654720 5200 For females, right, the gonial angle is 657750 2170 657760 7440 what it's called, the gonial angle of 659910 5290 659920 9120 the mandible, right? it's about 120 to 665190 3850 665200 6879 140. And then a more masculine uh gonial 669030 3049 669040 7680 angle, a more masculine jawline, you've 672069 4651 672079 7281 got about 100 to about 120 uh degrees, 676710 2650 676720 5280 right? When you get that gigachad kind 679350 2650 679360 3840 of jawline going on, right? This is what 681990 1210 682000 5279 they're talking about. They're talking 683190 4089 683200 6560 about that gonial angle, right? And then 687269 2491 687279 6240 it's it kind of softens, right? we start 689750 3769 689760 7519 to lose we start to lose a lot of that 693509 3770 693519 5681 definition the older we get. All right. 697269 1931 697279 5120 The older we get, the more the jaw 699190 3209 699200 6720 starts to soften up, right? And then we 702389 3531 702399 5201 lose teeth as well. So, a lot of that, 705910 1690 705920 4720 you know, it's it's funny how we revert 707590 3050 707600 5919 back to our original state, right, from 710630 2889 710640 6240 baby to adulthood. You know, it's one of 713509 3371 713519 7601 the more more interesting factoids about 716870 4250 716880 7840 about life is how we go from this to 721110 3610 721120 5279 these people with strong jaw lines. 724710 1689 724720 3520 Everything's intact. And then, you know, 726389 1851 726399 3841 we're just like, "Hey, we don't need it 728230 2010 728240 3520 anymore. Give me some baby food. Give me 730230 1530 730240 4000 We start with applesauce. We're going to 731750 2490 731760 5040 end with applesauce." You know, that's 734230 2570 734240 5200 uh that's one of the the funny things in 736790 2650 736800 4640 life. All right. So when we look at the 739430 2010 739440 5280 main differences between a male and 741430 3290 741440 5760 female skull, the male skull, right, 744710 2490 744720 5040 like I said, you want to think about 747190 2570 747200 5120 ethnicity, age, all of those things are 749750 2570 749760 4160 a factor as well, right? The main 752310 1610 752320 5199 differences between the male and the 753910 3609 753920 7919 female skull are some of these shapes, 757509 4330 757519 6081 right? The male skull is more squarish, 761829 1771 761839 4481 right? the the eye socket is more 763590 2730 763600 6400 squished and the female is a little more 766310 3690 766320 6720 round. Right? The male forehead, the the 769990 3050 770000 6880 brow line, the brow ridge is a little 773030 3850 773040 6160 more pronounced, right? And same with 776870 2330 776880 5199 that forehead. It's rounder. It's 779190 2889 779200 6720 smoother. And then we have our pelvis as 782069 3851 782079 6721 well. So for males and females, quite 785910 2890 785920 6320 different. All right. 788790 3450 788800 8560 So now we're talking about these 792230 5130 792240 7680 differences depending on your ethnicity, 797350 2570 797360 7520 right? These regional our regional 799910 4970 799920 8320 ancestry also has an impact, right? 804870 3370 804880 6079 depending on if uh we we descended from 808230 2729 808240 5200 more meateers, uh people who lived 810949 2491 810959 5281 closer to the sun, depending on the 813430 2810 813440 6399 atmosphere, like all of these things 816230 3609 816240 6960 participate in how our evolution 819829 3371 819839 6240 changes, right? Our shape, our skin 823190 2889 823200 6400 color, the skull shape, all of these 826069 3531 826079 7041 things are affected by what region of 829590 3530 829600 6960 the world we are, our ancestry comes 833110 3450 833120 6800 from. So when we look at the European 836550 3370 836560 5839 uh skull, we can see that they have that 839910 2489 839920 5840 square shape, but it's a little less 842389 3371 842399 6800 slanted down and then their nasal region 845750 3449 845760 7519 is more triangular. When we go to the 849189 4090 849199 6320 African, right, the African uh the nasal 853269 2250 853279 5441 pathway, it's a little rounder. It's a 855509 3211 855519 6000 little bigger. And then you can see the 858710 2809 858720 6080 way that the eye socket and the brow 861509 3291 861519 6401 line kind of changes. All right. Same 864790 3130 864800 5360 with the East Asian. It's more diamond 867910 2250 867920 5599 shaped. And then we get to the 870150 3369 870160 5919 indigenous Australian um I think 873509 2570 873519 5361 aborigy. I still have not confirmed if 876069 2811 876079 5601 it's they they're the they're called 878870 2810 878880 6319 aboriges or indigenous a indigenous 881670 3529 881680 6159 Australians. Theirs are more even more 885189 2650 885199 5041 pronounced. right? When it comes to 887829 2411 887839 6721 their eye sockets, when it comes to how 890230 4330 890240 8159 their jawline is and how protruding that 894550 3849 894560 8639 mouth is compared to their brow line, 898389 4810 898399 8240 right? Much stronger brows, right? 903189 3450 903199 6000 Compared to their nasal aperture as 906629 2570 906639 6481 well. So, all of these things will 909189 3931 909199 6241 affect the way our characters look and 913110 2330 913120 4880 how they feel, right? And if we're 915430 2570 915440 5600 trying to represent a character from a 917990 3050 918000 6639 certain region, we want to make sure 921030 3609 921040 7280 that these things are correct to their 924629 3691 924639 6000 regional ancestry. All right, so that's 928310 2329 928320 6440 one of the things that we want to think 930629 4131 930639 4121 about. All right. 942069 0 942079 4721 All right. So when we're looking at 944470 2330 944480 5760 this, we can also use this simple circle 946790 3450 946800 6640 to define the main parts of the head. 950230 3210 950240 7039 And this helps us describe the skulls uh 953430 3849 953440 6639 shape quite quickly and accurately. 957269 2810 957279 4800 So this is called the Bames method which 960069 2010 960079 5041 makes the process easy with just two 962069 3051 962079 6241 simple steps. Right? The smaller circle 965110 3210 965120 4719 will define most of the facial section. 968310 1529 968320 3759 Right? starting from the bottom of the 969829 2250 969839 5201 chin ending in the middle of the face 972069 2971 972079 7041 where the line where the ey line and the 975030 4090 975040 5680 top of the nasal aperture are located. 979110 1610 979120 4639 All right. 980710 3049 980720 5919 The intersection of these two circles 983749 2890 983759 6961 the helps define the nasal aperture. 986629 4091 986639 7200 This is found between the f top half 990710 3129 990720 6080 right of the facial circle and then the 993829 2971 993839 6000 third lower third the bottom of the 996790 3049 996800 7200 cranial circle. [snorts] The profile 999829 4171 999839 5601 view of the skull resembles more of an 1003990 1450 1004000 2959 egg. I usually say it's like a 1005430 1529 1005440 4000 rectangular 1006949 2491 1006959 6401 uh sphere. All right, which is more of 1009430 3930 1009440 8319 an eggshaped um than a sphere which is 1013350 4409 1013360 7919 directed towards the forehead and the 1017749 3530 1017759 6560 back of the skull where transitions into 1021269 3050 1021279 7920 the neck. All right. Approximately 2/3 1024309 4890 1024319 7841 of the face is occupied by this shape. 1029189 2971 1029199 4561 All right. 1032150 1610 1032160 5759 So [music] 1033750 4169 1033760 7919 if we then split it into thirds, 1037909 3770 1037919 6880 right, we then have the brow ridge which 1041669 3130 1041679 6801 which which is known as the superiliary 1044789 3691 1044799 6880 arch right up here. And then the bottom 1048470 3209 1048480 7280 here is the bottom of the nasal aperture 1051669 4091 1051679 6161 and the zygumatic bone, right? This 1055750 2090 1055760 4799 cheekbone so to speak. This is your 1057830 2729 1057840 4719 cheekbone right here is usually it's the 1060549 2010 1060559 4240 the term is called the zygomatic bone or 1062549 2250 1062559 4561 the zygomatic arch. But this is your 1064789 2331 1064799 6641 cheekbone right in here. And this is 1067110 4330 1067120 7600 where we whenever we split it into into 1071430 3290 1071440 5280 thirds. All right. So the rules of 1074710 2010 1074720 3839 thirds serves as a guideline principle 1076710 1849 1076720 4079 for your artwork simplifying the 1078549 2250 1078559 5841 complexity of the human skull and 1080789 3611 1080799 7201 facilitating hopefully easier uh 1084390 3610 1084400 5360 navigation. So that's the idea of it is 1087990 1770 1088000 5440 when you're splitting into fourths, 1089750 3690 1089760 7200 splitting it into thirds, you then can 1093430 3530 1093440 6320 find the cheekbone, the eye socket, 1096950 2810 1096960 4480 where all of these things line up. The 1099750 1690 1099760 6080 idea is that when you guys use these 1101430 4410 1101440 7840 frameworks, it's to get you guys close 1105830 3450 1105840 6320 there, right? you're you can rough it in 1109270 2890 1109280 5920 and then you can place all of the body 1112150 3050 1112160 4879 parts that you need to on top of it. 1115190 1849 1115200 4000 Right? 1117029 2171 1117039 3441 So when you want to simplify the shapes, 1119190 1290 1119200 5520 this is kind of what it looks like. And 1120470 4250 1120480 8000 then we have the planes of the skull. So 1124710 3770 1124720 6079 the construction of the skull meth uh 1128470 2329 1128480 5280 methodically makes the process easier 1130789 2971 1130799 6321 and more manageable. The primary shapes 1133750 3370 1133760 6720 simplify the skull into basic 3D forms 1137110 3370 1137120 7280 for partial use helping us focus on the 1140470 3930 1140480 6559 big essential masses while the planes of 1144390 2649 1144400 5920 the skull highlight the changes in the 1147029 3291 1147039 6481 plane and the shapes intricacies. So 1150310 3210 1150320 7040 what we are going to focus on is how 1153510 3850 1153520 7360 these planes change direction. They 1157350 3530 1157360 5920 change the form from being smooth and 1160870 2410 1160880 5440 flat on one side and then we get these 1163270 3050 1163280 5519 changes in the plane, right? You can see 1166310 2489 1166320 5760 that you're going from kind of this flat 1168789 3291 1168799 5681 over here and then it changes into that 1172070 2410 1172080 5920 surface there and then it changes again 1174470 3530 1174480 6880 and then so your job as an artist is to 1177990 3370 1178000 6400 get all of these changes in direction, 1181350 3050 1181360 6000 these changes in face, right? So 1184390 2970 1184400 7360 ensuring our understanding of how light 1187350 4410 1187360 7520 interacts with the shapes themselves. 1191750 3130 1191760 6240 All right. So be by the time we get here 1194870 3130 1194880 5840 we understand that okay if we have 1197990 2730 1198000 6000 lighting we're going to get different 1200710 3290 1200720 6959 lighting information based on the change 1203990 3689 1204000 7039 of these shape shapes. The tertiary 1207669 3370 1207679 7521 shapes the and details acts as our main 1211029 4171 1211039 6801 reference like the destination on a map 1215190 2650 1215200 7520 complementing the primary shapes and 1217830 4890 1217840 9120 planes. Each detail plays a crucial role 1222710 4250 1222720 8400 with some hidden but observable 1226950 4170 1226960 7120 on the face themselves. All right. So 1231110 2970 1231120 5919 studying and analyzing the skulls for uh 1234070 2969 1234080 5839 from multiple angle is the key to build 1237029 2890 1237039 5760 a comprehensive understanding 1239909 2890 1239919 4880 uh of the shapes and their function. So 1242789 2010 1242799 3521 that's what I want you guys to do for 1244789 1531 1244799 4321 your assignment today is you're going to 1246310 2810 1246320 5839 draw the skull in all of these different 1249110 3049 1249120 6240 angles trying to understand and using 1252149 3211 1252159 5681 these simple forms, these planes to 1255350 2490 1255360 6000 understand how they look. create your 1257830 3530 1257840 6640 own references in 2D or 3D will give 1261350 3130 1261360 5360 your work a big big boost and helps you 1264470 2250 1264480 4319 understand these principles a lot 1266710 2089 1266720 5360 better. So understanding the primary 1268789 3291 1268799 5601 shapes, planes of the skull as well as 1272070 2330 1272080 4880 the tertiary shapes and details is 1274390 2570 1274400 5120 crucial for artists aiming to create 1276950 2570 1276960 5040 realistic and accurate representation. 1279510 2490 1279520 5680 The primary shapes and planes refer to 1281990 3210 1282000 6720 the fundamental geometric forms and flat 1285190 3530 1285200 7200 surfaces that make up the overall 1288710 3690 1288720 7760 structure of the skull such as the 1292390 4090 1292400 7840 rounded cranium and the flat planes of 1296470 3770 1296480 7199 the face. By mastering these primary 1300230 3449 1300240 6400 shapes and planes, artists can establish 1303669 2971 1303679 6321 a solid foundation for depicting the 1306630 3370 1306640 6640 threedimension uh three-dimensional 1309990 3290 1310000 7280 structure of the skull. Tertiary shapes 1313270 4010 1313280 6480 and details encompass the finer nuances, 1317270 2490 1317280 5680 the intricacies, and the variations that 1319750 3210 1319760 6640 make each skull unique, including the 1322950 3450 1322960 6480 subtle curves, contours, and surface 1326390 3050 1326400 5200 details like the structures of the 1329430 2170 1329440 4640 foromina 1331590 2490 1331600 5439 and enables artists to capture the 1334070 2969 1334080 6000 individuality and realism of the human 1337029 3051 1337039 6321 skull, adding depth and a unique 1340070 3290 1340080 6560 authenticity to their artistic 1343350 3290 1343360 6000 rendering. Right? So the idea is that 1346630 2730 1346640 4320 you're gathering all of this information 1349350 1610 1349360 3439 and you're storing it in your 1350950 1849 1350960 4480 information bank. Right? Whenever you 1352789 2651 1352799 5360 draw a skull and you understand where 1355430 2729 1355440 5840 the ey line sits, where the jawline 1358149 3131 1358159 5760 sits, where the bottom of the teeth, the 1361270 2649 1361280 5759 top of the ridge, the the brow ridge, 1363909 3130 1363919 5361 all of these things will help you right 1367029 2251 1367039 4321 get better understanding. So you want to 1369270 2090 1369280 5759 ask yourself what these simple shapes 1371350 3689 1371360 6960 and planes represent and look beyond the 1375029 3291 1375039 7441 complexity. Comparing the designs helps 1378310 4170 1378320 7120 you focus on what is truly important, 1382470 2970 1382480 7920 what matters beneath these complex 1385430 4970 1385440 7840 details. It simplifies understanding 1390390 2890 1390400 6000 the big foundational shapes, 1393270 3130 1393280 6399 the ones that shape the core of the 1396390 3289 1396400 6320 skull. Additionally, it makes analyzing 1399669 3051 1399679 6641 the main lines and outlines of the skull 1402710 3610 1402720 7600 a lot easier. When we go one level 1406310 4010 1406320 8400 deeper, you can spot subtle changes that 1410310 4410 1410320 6960 are harder to detect. Let the lines be 1414710 2570 1414720 6800 your guide, and you won't be able to 1417270 4250 1417280 6480 unsee the shape changes afterwards. The 1421510 2250 1421520 5920 process helps break down intricate 1423750 3690 1423760 6399 shapes and detail and makes them simpler 1427430 2729 1427440 5200 to understand. 1430149 2491 1430159 5121 So when we're looking at the planes of 1432630 2650 1432640 5120 the skull, right, we've got these 1435270 2490 1435280 6480 frontal planes, you've got your frontal 1437750 4010 1437760 7360 bone, the brow ridge, uh the nason, and 1441750 3370 1441760 5520 then the front top of plane, and then 1445110 2170 1445120 4160 there's a transition. Right? That's what 1447270 2010 1447280 3920 I'm talking about when I say there's 1449270 1930 1449280 5200 transitions to everything. There's 1451190 3290 1451200 8079 planer transitions, right? And all of 1454470 4809 1454480 7600 this is shown when light hits whatever 1459269 2811 1459279 5041 the object is. When light hits a face, 1462070 2250 1462080 5760 there are all of these planes on the 1464310 3530 1464320 7120 face that are being either illuminated 1467830 3610 1467840 8079 or put into shadow. Right? Our job is to 1471430 4489 1471440 6560 describe the relationship of light to 1475909 2091 1475919 4561 all of these faces, these characters 1477990 2490 1478000 6400 that we're creating. Right? The back 1480470 3930 1480480 7360 here we have our parietal plane which uh 1484390 3450 1484400 5519 informs us of our temporal line. Right? 1487830 2089 1487840 4640 This temporal line right here and then 1489909 2571 1489919 5521 the parietal eminence. 1492470 2970 1492480 8000 All right. Then we have our temporal 1495430 5050 1495440 7440 plane, right? the mastoid process right 1500470 2410 1500480 4960 in here. 1502870 2570 1502880 4880 All right. And then we have on the 1505430 2330 1505440 5760 opposite side we have our eye and nasal 1507750 3450 1507760 7360 planes. This includes our eye sockets, 1511190 3930 1511200 7440 the zygomatic arch, the cheekbones, 1515110 3530 1515120 6640 right? The nasal bone and then the nasal 1518630 3130 1518640 6800 aperture which is the top of your nasal 1521750 3690 1521760 6560 bone right there. The nasal aperture. 1525430 2890 1525440 6000 All right. And then we have the jawline, 1528310 3130 1528320 6560 the teeth, and then the mandibular 1531430 3450 1531440 6640 planes, right? Your mandible, right? 1534870 3210 1534880 5919 Your mandible is right in here. All 1538070 2729 1538080 6079 right? And then it's got your coronoid 1540789 3370 1540799 6401 process, your ramis, and then your angle 1544149 3051 1544159 6481 of the mandible, and then your mand 1547190 3450 1547200 6240 mandibular notch. So you have your jaw 1550630 2810 1550640 4960 and teeth planes right here. All right? 1553430 2170 1553440 3839 You've got your jaw, the top of it, and 1555590 1689 1555600 3840 then this is where your teeth, your 1557269 2171 1557279 4481 upper teeth happen. You've got your 1559430 2330 1559440 4320 lower teeth, and then you've got the 1561750 2010 1561760 7919 body of the mandible, and then the 1563750 5929 1563760 8000 mental uh protuberance right over here. 1569669 2091 1569679 4561 All right. So, when you start to focus 1571750 2490 1571760 5680 on some of these landmarks, your frontal 1574230 3210 1574240 5200 eminence, your globula, your uh 1577430 2010 1577440 4719 superiliary arch, which is essentially 1579430 2729 1579440 5680 your brow line, right? your nasin, the 1582149 2971 1582159 5601 nasal bone, right? Your parietal or your 1585110 2650 1585120 4559 nasal eminence right over here, right? 1587750 1929 1587760 6240 And then you've got your zygomatic 1589669 4331 1589679 7521 process or the maxilla, right? And then 1593990 3210 1594000 6240 you've got your uh alo process, which is 1597190 3050 1597200 5280 your maxilla, the the the top of your 1600230 2250 1600240 5120 mouth, right? I usually treat this shape 1602470 2890 1602480 5120 like an orange shape, right? So all of 1605350 2250 1605360 6559 these pieces, all of these pieces 1607590 4329 1607600 7760 involve and help us understand the 1611909 3451 1611919 7681 change in direction, the change in plane 1615350 4250 1615360 5919 of our facial region, right? And I know 1619590 1689 1619600 3439 it's going to feel like I'm feeding you 1621269 1770 1621279 4321 guys through a fire hose right now, 1623029 2571 1623039 5361 right? Like this is going to be a lot of 1625590 2810 1625600 5120 intense uh it's going to feel like, man, 1628390 2330 1628400 5120 there there's just so much to learn. But 1630710 2810 1630720 6000 the idea is to make you guys aware of 1633510 3210 1633520 5920 these things, aware of these underlying 1636710 2730 1636720 5839 shapes, these underlying things that are 1639430 3129 1639440 7839 going on. And then you can use those to 1642549 4730 1642559 7441 depict the uh the the drawings, the 1647269 2731 1647279 4561 sculptures, the the design. It's going 1649990 1850 1650000 4000 to help us understand what's going on 1651830 2170 1651840 6000 underneath and then we can use that 1653990 3850 1654000 6880 foundation to build our characters on. 1657830 3050 1657840 5839 All right. So 1660870 2809 1660880 5520 this is pretty much 1663669 2731 1663679 4721 the a summarized reference highlighting 1666390 2010 1666400 3920 frequently used divisions of the human 1668390 1930 1668400 4159 skull. Like I said, people do the 1670310 2249 1670320 4640 thirds, fourths. You just need to find a 1672549 2411 1672559 4480 method that helps you understand all of 1674950 2089 1674960 4240 these pieces, how everything falls 1677029 2171 1677039 5281 together, where they connect, so you can 1679190 3130 1679200 5040 depict it much more accurately. Well, 1682310 1930 1682320 4719 study the illustration above carefully 1684230 2809 1684240 5360 and use it as a base guide in the 1687029 2571 1687039 4000 following pages. All right. So, there's 1689590 1449 1689600 3520 I'll give I'll definitely give you guys 1691029 2091 1691039 4640 some more analysis of the divisions 1693110 2569 1693120 4640 placing particular emphasis on the third 1695669 2091 1695679 4321 and the quarter lines of the division 1697750 2250 1697760 5039 which serve as the foundational guides 1699990 2809 1700000 5120 to assist you guys. All right. So, this 1702789 2331 1702799 5120 is the top view. This is kind of a 1705110 2809 1705120 5760 three/4er view, the widest part. This is 1707909 2971 1707919 8161 the parietal eminence right right up 1710870 5210 1710880 8640 here. Right. So it's easier for you guys 1716070 3450 1716080 6719 to start to depict some of these uh 1719510 3289 1719520 5360 pieces in there. All right. So yeah, 1722789 2091 1722799 4401 that's going to be it for it today. 1724870 2330 1724880 5600 Remember your assignment is to study 1727190 3290 1727200 5520 these guides and then use them to draw 1730470 2250 1730480 4480 your own skulls. All right. I will 1732710 2250 1732720 5920 provide you guys with these as well. Do 1734950 3690 1734960 3680 you have any questions for me?