# nx_yt_transcript v1 # video_id=qKz3LmaxKuE # title=Skull Anatomy | With Labels: Updated Version # lang=en # kind=asr # format=json3 # segments=2057 # video_url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKz3LmaxKuE # source_url=https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=qKz3LmaxKuE&ei=xvOtaqPIPKOIlu8Pp5P0sQw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&xowf=1&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1789810231&sparams=ip,ipbits,expire,v,ei,caps,opi,xoaf&signature=77C7E8DDCBB1F896C02DA856F896221652C921D6.B60F7F2500B7E81DCCD49C2DB8445E79130B1980&key=yt8&kind=asr&lang=en&fmt=json3 # fetched_at=1789785031 14080 3039 what's up ninja nerds in this video 15749 1370 15759 3201 today we are going to be talking about 17109 1851 17119 3281 the anatomy of the skull 18950 1450 18960 3760 just to give you guys a little bit of 20390 2330 20400 3760 info these actual skulls and all the 22710 1450 22720 3760 other anatomy models that we're going to 24150 2330 24160 3840 be using throughout these anatomy series 26470 1530 26480 3199 is brought to you by the anatomy 27990 1689 28000 3359 warehouse all right let's go ahead and 29669 1690 29679 2801 get started all right ninja so let's go 31349 1131 31359 2001 ahead and get started here so we're 32470 890 32480 3200 going to start kind of 33350 2330 33360 4800 annotating these sutures that kind of 35670 2490 35680 4320 separate the bones of the skull for us 38150 1850 38160 4160 so the first thing i want to kind of 39990 2330 40000 4960 identify here is this suture here 42310 2650 42320 4559 this suture is called the coronal suture 44950 1929 44960 3200 and it's beautifully placed separating 46869 1291 46879 4160 the frontal bone 48150 2889 48160 4960 from the parietal bones posteriorly all 51029 2091 51039 3601 right so we covered the frontal suture 53110 1530 53120 3200 now let's go move on to the next one 54630 1690 54640 2880 which is the sagittal suture so i'm just 56310 1210 56320 2239 going to kind of turn this thing around 57510 1049 57520 2400 so that we can kind of have some 58549 1371 58559 4320 orientation here 59910 2969 59920 3840 so now we're looking here at the top of 62869 891 62879 2961 the skull 63750 2090 63760 3600 and this suture here is called the 65830 1530 65840 3680 sagittal suture 67350 2170 67360 3840 and the sagittal suture separates the 69510 1690 69520 4800 two parietal bones 71190 3130 71200 3520 on the right and left side all right 74310 410 74320 2479 ninja 74710 2089 74720 3120 so we covered the sagittal suture let's 76789 1051 76799 3041 keep moving our way 77830 2010 77840 4240 posteriorly and then we run into this 79830 2250 79840 3840 next suture so we come down the sagittal 82070 1610 82080 3359 and then it starts bifurcating if you 83670 1769 83680 2320 will so here we have one of these 85429 571 85439 1841 sutures 85990 1290 86000 3600 which is a part of the entire thing 87270 2330 87280 3280 called the lambdoid suture but it's two 89590 970 89600 2159 parts 90550 1209 90560 3199 okay so here's the one part of the 91749 2010 91759 3441 lambdoid suture here's the other part of 93749 1451 93759 3201 the lambdoid suture 95190 1770 95200 3040 and again the lambroid suture separates 96950 1290 96960 4080 the parietal bones 98230 2810 98240 4800 from the occipital bone all right so we 101030 2010 101040 3039 covered our lambdoid suture now what 103030 1049 103040 2880 we're going to do is we're going to talk 104069 1851 104079 3281 about this next suture here called the 105910 1450 105920 3280 squamous suture 107350 1850 107360 3200 the squamous suture is going to be this 109190 1370 109200 4239 guy right here 110550 2889 110560 3440 all this one here so again this is your 113429 571 113439 3040 squamous 113990 2489 114000 3920 suture and what the squamous suture does 116469 1451 116479 4721 is it separates 117910 3290 117920 5440 below at the temporal bone from above it 121190 2170 121200 3199 the parietal bones so again that is our 123350 1049 123360 3119 squamous suture 124389 2090 124399 4080 all right so we've covered the sutures 126469 2010 126479 3280 all right let's now move on to the first 128469 1290 128479 3041 bone that we're going to talk a lot 129749 1771 129759 3601 about which is the frontal bone 131510 1850 131520 3920 and again the best way to imagine the 133350 2090 133360 4480 frontal bone it's a pretty big bone 135430 2410 135440 4480 is it's the part of the the bone that's 137830 2090 137840 4720 from anterior 139910 2650 139920 4000 all the way from this coronal suture so 142550 1370 142560 2720 everything in front of this coronal 143910 1370 143920 2800 suture is going to be your entire 145270 1450 145280 4720 frontal bone so again 146710 3290 146720 4799 this here is the frontal bone all right 149990 1529 150000 2959 so we've covered the frontal bone now 151509 1450 151519 2641 there's different parts of the frontal 152949 1211 152959 2640 bone that we have to know 154150 1449 154160 2960 so if we come a little bit more 155589 1531 155599 3121 interiorly here there's going to be this 157110 1610 157120 3839 little portion right here 158710 2249 158720 3120 all right just above the eyebrows here 160949 891 160959 2401 right in the middle 161830 1530 161840 3360 of the forehead that's going to be 163350 1850 163360 4480 called the glabella like a 165190 2650 165200 4240 glabella so this right there is the 167830 1610 167840 3280 glabella 169430 1690 169440 3600 all right so now we covered the glabella 171110 1930 171120 2399 let's move down here we got our orbits 173030 489 173040 2559 right 173509 2090 173519 4881 now the orbits are made up by a bunch of 175589 2811 175599 4640 bones the frontal bone is one of them 178390 1849 178400 4000 but if we move towards the top of the 180229 2171 180239 4241 orbit as we kind of make like a line 182390 2090 182400 3119 here this is called the supraorbital 184470 1049 184480 2880 margin 185509 1851 185519 4000 okay so this is called the super orbital 187350 2169 187360 6159 margin so again supraorbital 189509 4010 189519 6080 margin there's a little notch 193509 2090 193519 3360 in the super orbital margin on both 195589 1290 195599 4321 sides here 196869 3051 196879 5280 that notch is called the supraorbital 199910 2249 199920 3360 notch okay so again that is called your 202149 1131 202159 3841 supraorbital 203270 2730 203280 3120 notch all right ninja nurse so now let's 205990 410 206000 2000 cover 206390 1610 206400 4000 one more part of the frontal bone we've 207990 2410 208000 3840 been able to see everything externally 210390 1450 210400 3680 but now we got to do is we got to take a 211830 2250 211840 3360 look inside of the actual cranial cavity 214070 1130 214080 2079 because there's another part of the 215190 969 215200 2399 frontal bone 216149 1450 216159 3921 that's inside of it so let's go ahead 217589 2491 217599 2481 and do that 221350 0 221360 3519 so if we look inside of the actual 223589 1290 223599 4560 cranial cavity 224869 3290 224879 6321 there's this big big divot here 228149 3051 228159 4160 entire like ice cream scoop on both 231190 1129 231200 4720 sides here 232309 3611 232319 6241 this big divot if you will our pit uh or 235910 2650 235920 5360 crud just kind of like crater is the 238550 2730 238560 4879 anterior cranial fossa so again this big 241270 2169 241280 5200 crater here is called the anterior 243429 3051 243439 5520 cranial fossa all right so 246470 2489 246480 3600 we put that cranial cap back on and now 248949 1131 248959 2321 we're looking at the top of the skull 250070 1210 250080 4320 we're going to move to the next 251270 3130 251280 4720 easy bone which is the parietal bones 254390 1610 254400 3600 notice i said plural there was one 255990 2010 256000 4079 frontal bone there's two parietal bones 257990 2089 258000 4000 and again to reiterate remember that 260069 1931 260079 4721 that was that sagittal suture 261990 2810 262000 3680 on both sides of the sagittal suture is 264790 890 264800 2880 going to be your 265670 2010 265680 3680 parietal bone so you have one here on 267670 1690 267680 4880 the right and one here 269350 3210 269360 5040 on the left okay all right so we covered 272550 1850 272560 3520 the parietal bones let's now move on to 274390 1690 274400 3600 the occipital bone right 276070 1930 276080 3360 so again if you guys remember this was 277990 1450 278000 2400 your lambdoid suture 279430 970 279440 2160 and that was the other part of the 280390 1210 280400 3120 lambdoid suture and again it was 281590 1930 281600 4720 separating the occipital bone 283510 2810 283520 4480 from the parietal bones now if we look 286310 1690 286320 4640 here this whole thing is your 287990 2970 288000 5199 occipital bone but there's different 290950 2249 290960 3519 parts to the occipital bone one of the 293189 1290 293199 3601 big ones is this 294469 2331 294479 3761 big bumpy thing that comes off of the 296790 1450 296800 4560 occipital bone 298230 3130 298240 7120 this thing here is called your external 301350 4010 301360 4000 occipital protuberance 307270 0 307280 4320 all right so on the sides of the 309510 2090 309520 4320 external occipital protuberance 311590 2250 311600 4319 just on the sides of it laterally to it 313830 2089 313840 4560 you have these lines if you can imagine 315909 2491 315919 4481 coming off of the side here these are 318390 2010 318400 3600 called your superior 320390 1610 320400 4160 nuclear lines so again this would be a 321990 2570 322000 3360 superior nuchal line and this would be a 324550 810 324560 4000 superior 325350 3210 325360 5279 nuchal line if we come 328550 2089 328560 4079 down from the tip of the external 330629 2010 330639 5761 occipital protuberance and work our way 332629 3771 332639 7120 down here this one is called the 336390 3369 336400 5040 median nuchal line okay 339749 1691 339759 3280 then as we come down from the external 341430 1609 341440 4400 occipital protuberance down the 343029 2811 343039 3201 median nuclear line and come to this 345830 410 345840 2320 next 346230 1930 346240 3519 point here where you see two more lines 348150 1609 348160 4720 coming off here 349749 3131 349759 4641 these lines are called your inferior 352870 1530 352880 3599 nuchal lines so again these are called 354390 2089 354400 4799 your inferior 356469 2730 356479 3361 nuchal lines all right so we are going 359189 651 359199 2161 to continue 359830 1530 359840 2960 again to give you some orientation we're 361350 1450 361360 3200 looking at the base of the skull right 362790 1770 362800 3360 so at the base of the skull near the 364550 1610 364560 2800 bottom part of the occiput 366150 1210 366160 2800 so again we already had that external 367350 1610 367360 2959 occipital protuberance we did the 368950 1369 368960 3519 inferior nuchal lines we're going to 370309 2170 370319 4641 keep working our way backwards 372469 2491 372479 4321 as you can see here there's a gargantuas 374950 1850 374960 5600 hole here in the occiput 376790 3770 376800 6959 and this is called the foramen magnum 380550 3209 380560 3759 now there's these little knobbies that 383749 570 383759 3041 are kind of 384309 2491 384319 4880 bulging off of that kind of occipital 386790 2409 386800 6480 bone here near the foramen magnum 389189 4091 389199 7440 these are called your occipital condyles 393270 3369 393280 4160 okay then you have a little fossa here 396629 811 396639 3441 it's like a little 397430 2650 397440 4800 divot just kind of behind the occipital 400070 2170 400080 5600 condyles this little divot here 402230 3450 402240 6320 this divot is called the condylar fossa 405670 2890 405680 4720 and this is the same on both sides now 408550 1850 408560 2400 the last two things that we have to do 410390 570 410400 3600 is there's 410950 3050 410960 4959 two holes one within the 413990 1929 414000 3360 occipital condyle and one within the 415909 1451 415919 4720 condylar fossa 417350 3289 417360 4720 let's cover those all right so we 420629 1451 420639 3120 covered the occipital 422070 1689 422080 2959 condyles and we covered the condylar 423749 1290 423759 1761 fossa we said that there's going to be 425029 491 425039 3521 two 425510 3050 425520 5200 holes or canals that are actually 428550 2170 428560 3840 running within the condylar fossa and 430710 1690 430720 3919 the occipital condyles 432390 2249 432400 3760 this first one we have that red pipe 434629 1531 434639 4481 cleaner coming through it if i 436150 2970 436160 4879 turn it this way you can kind of see 439110 1929 439120 3199 that is called the hypoglossal canal 441029 1290 441039 2720 that is where that pipe cleaner is 442309 1450 442319 3921 running through 443749 2491 443759 3280 okay also just so that you guys know 446230 809 446240 4000 that is where 447029 3211 447039 5041 the hypoglossal nerve runs through the 450230 1850 450240 4320 next one here is that condylar fossa if 452070 2490 452080 5200 you guys look here there's a tiny little 454550 2730 454560 5120 hole there in the condylar fossa and 457270 2410 457280 5520 that is called the condylar canal 459670 3130 459680 5280 all right all right so let's cover 462790 2170 462800 3920 one more part of the occipital bone okay 464950 1770 464960 3200 so we cover kind of all the external 466710 1450 466720 3360 part of the occipital bone 468150 1930 468160 4000 but if we kind of open this up and look 470070 2090 470080 4239 in the cranial cavity here 472150 2169 472160 4000 you're going to see the actual part of 474309 1851 474319 3041 the occipital bone which is the internal 476150 1210 476160 2640 part right 477350 1450 477360 4239 but the big thing i want you to know is 478790 2809 478800 5600 that there's all this big like crater or 481589 2811 481599 5361 divot in here and this whole thing here 484390 2570 484400 3280 is called the posterior cranial fossa so 486950 730 486960 2560 again 487670 1850 487680 4959 this big cavity back here is called the 489510 3129 489520 4959 posterior cranial fossa 492629 1850 492639 3441 all right so we've covered the occipital 494469 1611 494479 2641 bone both the external parts and the 496070 1050 496080 2640 internal parts 497110 1610 497120 3359 so now what i want to do is i want to go 498710 1769 498720 3440 through the temporal bone the ethmoid 500469 1691 500479 3280 bone and the sphenoid bone 502150 1609 502160 3599 but again covering the parts of them 503749 2010 503759 3440 that are kind of inside of the skull 505749 1450 505759 4241 so what we're going to do is is we're 507189 2811 507199 4081 going to kind of flip this around here 509990 1290 510000 3279 and we're going to start looking at 511270 2009 511280 4800 structures back here 513269 2811 513279 4000 okay all right so let's start with this 516070 1209 516080 2879 kind of we've already talked about the 517269 1690 517279 3680 occipital part in here right 518949 2010 518959 3681 with the posterior cranial fossa the 520949 1691 520959 3200 next bone that we're going to go into 522630 1529 522640 2879 here is the temporal bone we're going to 524149 1370 524159 3441 talk about this big old 525509 2091 525519 3601 chunk of the temporal bone that's 527590 1530 527600 3919 internal it's this 529110 2409 529120 3279 big portion here this whole portion 531509 890 531519 3440 right here 532389 2570 532399 4161 is called the petrous part of the 534949 1611 534959 3440 temporal bone 536550 1849 536560 3360 now there's a couple different things 538389 1531 538399 3841 that are near this petrous part of the 539910 2330 539920 3840 temporal bone couple holes if you will 542230 1530 542240 3920 so you see there's a hole here that i'm 543750 2410 543760 4639 running right into 546150 2249 546160 3520 that hole right there is called the 548389 1291 548399 3681 jugular foramen 549670 2410 549680 4560 that's where the internal jugular vein 552070 2170 552080 6000 actually exits out of the skull 554230 3850 554240 6960 okay and the other hole here is again 558070 3130 558080 3439 just above it that's just above this and 561190 329 561200 3120 it's 561509 2811 561519 4320 right here and it's on the back of that 564310 1529 564320 4079 actual petrous part of the temporal bone 565829 2570 565839 4881 and that's called the internal acoustic 568389 2331 568399 3560 or internal auditory meatus that's 570710 1249 570720 3040 actually where the 571949 1811 571959 3401 vestibulocochlear nerve is running 573750 1610 573760 2800 through which is the eighth cranial 575350 1210 575360 3120 nerve 576550 1930 576560 3680 all right so we covered these kind of 578470 1770 578480 2479 two holes here now there's this other 580230 729 580240 2400 part here 580949 1691 580959 3121 as we're kind of coming up through this 582630 1450 582640 3360 back part here 584070 1930 584080 4759 this is called the clivis so this 585990 2849 586000 5200 portion right here is called the clivis 588829 2371 588839 3801 okay all right so we covered the petrous 591190 1450 591200 2639 part of the temporal bone 592630 1209 592640 2879 now what i want us to do is cover the 593829 1690 593839 2401 sphenoid bone so the sphenoid bone is 595509 731 595519 3361 going to be pretty much 596230 2650 596240 4240 all this chunk right here okay we're 598870 1610 598880 3519 going to talk about a bunch of holes and 600470 1929 600480 2799 different processes coming off of that 602389 890 602399 3440 sphenoid bone 603269 2570 603279 4641 okay so again what are some of these 605829 2091 605839 4881 holes and processes 607910 2810 607920 3919 the first one is right here this hole 610710 1129 610720 4320 here 611829 3211 611839 4641 is called the carotid canal okay so that 615030 1450 615040 3919 little hole right there is called the 616470 2489 616480 7200 karate canal 618949 4731 618959 4721 then if we move just medially to that 625030 0 625040 4479 this next hole just medially to it is 627910 1609 627920 4560 actually called the foramen 629509 2971 629519 4000 lacerum okay that's called the foramen 632470 1049 632480 2640 lacerum 633509 1611 633519 3681 all right so if we move a little bit 635110 2090 635120 4000 more laterally from the foramen lacerum 637190 1930 637200 4240 there's another hole here 639110 2330 639120 4080 that's going to be right there that 641430 1770 641440 3399 right there is called the foramen 643190 1649 643200 4560 spinosum 644829 2931 644839 5000 okay then we're going to move 647750 2089 647760 4400 again a little bit more medially here to 649829 2331 649839 6000 a more oval shaped hole 652150 3689 652160 7119 and that one is called the foramen ovale 655829 3450 655839 4321 okay then we'll move again a little bit 659269 891 659279 3921 more medially 660150 3050 660160 3679 and superiorly and we run into this hole 663190 649 663200 4079 here 663829 3450 663839 5361 and that is called the foramen rotundum 667269 1931 667279 4321 all right so now we have another hole 669190 2410 669200 5759 which is just above 671590 3369 671600 3600 the foramen ovale and it's actually more 674949 251 674959 3120 of 675190 2889 675200 4400 a what we call a fissure so it's more 678069 1531 678079 4801 slit like rather than a 679590 3290 679600 5919 a a canal kind of a hole so we call this 682870 2649 682880 4160 the superior orbital fissure 685509 1531 685519 4241 now the superior orbital fissure is 687030 2730 687040 4080 better seen from the orbital view 689750 1370 689760 3680 so what i'm going to do is i'm going to 691110 2330 691120 5040 turn this around here 693430 2730 693440 4560 and you can see in this view how that 696150 1850 696160 3359 pipe cleaner is running through this big 697990 1529 698000 5839 slit like structure 699509 4330 699519 4320 called the superior orbital fissure 707829 0 707839 3041 all right so we covered the superior 709269 1611 709279 4240 orbital fissure we're going to go up 710870 2649 710880 3680 one more hole and run this through that 713509 1051 713519 3281 sphenoid bone 714550 2250 714560 3600 right and this hole here is called the 716790 1370 716800 2640 optic canal 718150 1290 718160 3840 you can already guess what runs through 719430 2570 719440 5199 there that is the optic nerve again 721990 2649 722000 3519 nicely seen whenever you turn this skull 724629 890 724639 3121 around and look 725509 2251 725519 4401 into the orbit you can see its 727750 2170 727760 3199 relationship to that superior orbital 729910 1049 729920 3280 fissure 730949 2251 730959 3440 all right so just to quickly recap them 733190 1209 733200 1520 because there's a lot of these holes 734389 331 734399 3281 here 734710 2970 734720 4239 first one here is your carotid canal 737670 1289 737680 4480 then this one here is your 738949 3211 738959 5761 foramen lacerum this one here is your 742150 2570 742160 4560 foramen spinosum this one here is your 744710 2010 744720 5359 foramen ovale 746710 3369 746720 5679 this one here is your foramen rotundum 750069 2330 750079 3361 this one here is your superior orbital 752389 1051 752399 2721 fissure 753430 1690 753440 3600 and then this one here is your optic 755110 1930 755120 3760 canal okay and that was all for that 757030 1850 757040 3280 sphenoid bone 758870 1450 758880 3120 all right so now let's cover some of 760310 1690 760320 3120 these processes and other kind of 761990 1450 762000 3839 specialized structures that 763430 2409 763440 3760 are commonly asked about so again we're 765829 1371 765839 2881 here in the sphenoid bone but now we're 767190 1530 767200 3120 going to kind of come towards the center 768710 1610 768720 2559 we were off towards the edges and 770310 969 770320 3120 underneath 771269 2171 771279 4321 let's kind of focus in on this central 773430 2170 773440 4639 portion here of the sphenoid bone 775590 2489 775600 4000 all right so first things first you have 778069 1531 778079 3281 this thing here in the back 779590 1770 779600 4000 all right imagine this like a little 781350 2250 781360 2960 saddle all right this is the back of the 783590 730 783600 1840 saddle 784310 1130 784320 3759 you know what they actually call this 785430 2649 785440 4959 they call this the dorsum celle 788069 2330 788079 4000 the back of the saddle this right here 790389 1690 790399 4240 is the front of the saddle 792069 2570 792079 4241 that's called the tuberculum cele 794629 1691 794639 3760 there's a little divot 796310 2089 796320 3840 in between these two tuberculum and 798389 1771 798399 4401 dorsum cellar and that is called 800150 2650 800160 4880 the hypophyseal fossa that's where the 802790 2250 802800 6320 pituitary gland sits 805030 4090 805040 5359 okay now if you kind of imagined i took 809110 1289 809120 2959 from the dorsum cell 810389 1690 810399 3120 to the tuberculum cell and i kind of 812069 1450 812079 4681 made like a little circle here 813509 3251 813519 4560 if you imagined that is called the 816750 1329 816760 3160 seletursica 818069 1851 818079 3320 okay of the sphenoid bone so again this 819910 1489 819920 4479 whole thing here would be the 821389 3010 821399 5880 celaturcica of the sphenoid bone 824389 2890 824399 3601 all right we've covered that part now 827269 731 827279 2881 the next thing 827990 2170 828000 3440 is we have like these little fangs that 830150 1290 830160 3840 are popping 831430 2570 831440 5280 forward here just near the optic canal 833990 2730 834000 4000 these are called your anterior cleanoid 836710 1290 836720 2799 processes 837990 1529 838000 2880 and you can't really see them very well 839509 1371 839519 2961 but where you have an anterior you most 840870 1610 840880 3199 likely have a posterior 842470 1609 842480 3440 they would be coming kind of off of this 844069 1851 844079 3120 dorsum cell on the back they're not very 845910 1289 845920 3200 prominent though here but 847189 1931 847199 3681 you would have them back here as your 849110 1770 849120 4240 posterior cleanoid processes 850870 2490 850880 3280 coming off the back of the dorsum celly 853350 810 853360 3039 all right 854150 2249 854160 4799 the last part here is a little bit 856389 2570 856399 4401 difficult to visualize the sphenoid bone 858949 1851 858959 4240 in the skull we're going to kind of 860790 2409 860800 3760 identify it kind of like a vaguely but 863189 1371 863199 3760 we'll take a look at this phenomena 864550 2409 864560 4000 outside of the skull in a second 866949 1611 866959 4560 but this next part here is if you 868550 2969 868560 6160 imagine that from here 871509 3211 871519 5120 to here there's a little wing 874710 1929 874720 3840 this portion here to this portion here 876629 1931 876639 4560 is called the lesser wing 878550 2649 878560 3279 of the sphenoid bone then if you 881189 650 881199 3841 imagined 881829 3211 881839 4560 a big chunk of the sphenoid bone over 885030 1369 885040 3520 here 886389 2171 886399 3201 and a big chunk of the sphenoid bone 888550 1050 888560 3120 over here 889590 2090 889600 3200 that is called the greater wing of the 891670 1130 891680 3599 sphenoid bone 892790 2489 892800 3839 again it's really tough to imagine this 895269 1370 895279 2641 when it's in the skull so what we're 896629 1291 896639 3361 going to do is we're going to take the 897910 2090 897920 3440 sphenoid bone out of the skull 899990 1370 900000 3120 and we're going to take a look at it so 901350 1770 901360 3520 what would that kind of look like if you 903110 1770 903120 3519 imagine here i took this bone 904870 1769 904880 3360 out of the skull and we're going to now 906629 1611 906639 3760 zoom in on this 908230 2169 908240 3760 all right so quick recap here just kind 910389 1611 910399 3120 of taking that sphenoid bone out of the 911990 1529 912000 4800 skull here just so that you guys can 913509 3291 913519 4320 you know recap dorsum cell a tuberculin 916790 1049 916800 4000 cell 917829 2971 917839 4721 hypophyseal fossa anterior cleanoid 920790 1770 920800 3599 process 922550 1849 922560 2959 the whole thing here is the cell turcica 924389 1130 924399 2240 and then you can't really see them but 925509 1130 925519 2320 you have like these little 926629 1210 926639 3200 bumps here in the back called the 927829 2010 927839 3521 posterior cleanoid processes 929829 1531 929839 3041 all right now we said that we mentioned 931350 1530 931360 3919 those wings the lesser and greater wings 932870 2409 932880 4079 they were hard to visualize in the skull 935269 1690 935279 3680 but look at this look how beautiful it 936949 2010 936959 4320 looks this right here 938949 2330 938959 3601 is called what your lesser wing of the 941269 1291 941279 3601 sphenoid bone 942550 2330 942560 3760 and then these big chunks coming off of 944870 1450 944880 4160 this this is the 946310 2730 946320 3840 greater wing of the sphenoid bone all 949030 1130 949040 2640 right so let's take a look here at some 950150 1530 950160 3119 of the holes in the skull out of this 951670 1609 951680 2640 little sphenoid bone thing that we took 953269 1051 953279 2321 out of the skull 954310 1290 954320 3199 so the first one here that we're going 955590 1929 955600 5039 to move with is going to be the 957509 3130 957519 4880 foramen spinosum then if we move a 960629 1770 960639 4801 little bit more medially here 962389 3051 962399 6401 this one is going to be the foramen 965430 3370 965440 6959 ovale then if we move a little bit more 968790 3609 968800 5279 medially here that is called the foramen 972389 1690 972399 3120 rotundum 974069 1450 974079 4000 then we have this big slit like 975509 2570 975519 4401 structure called the superior orbital 978069 1851 978079 4481 fissure 979910 2650 979920 4560 and then last but not least we got the 982550 1930 982560 4719 good old 984470 2809 984480 4240 optic canal all right so if you guys 987269 1451 987279 2881 understand already that we've covered 988710 1450 988720 2640 the petrous part of the temporal bone 990150 1210 990160 2239 the sphenoid bone 991350 1049 991360 3200 and we're getting ready to go into the 992389 2171 992399 3440 ethmoid bone but before we do that you 994550 1289 994560 2800 guys remember we had back here was the 995829 1531 995839 4240 poster cranial fossa 997350 2729 997360 5120 well guess what this is this is all 1000069 2411 1000079 5521 middle cranial fossa so what is this 1002470 3130 1002480 5279 middle cranial fossa all right 1005590 2169 1005600 4080 now let's move on to the ethmoid bone if 1007749 1931 1007759 3440 we look here this is our ethmoid bone 1009670 1529 1009680 2320 right you can see parts of the ethmoid 1011189 811 1011199 3041 bone 1011990 2250 1012000 4079 the big parts that you can see for the 1014230 1849 1014240 4320 ethmoid bone 1016069 2491 1016079 3760 is going to be first this kind of like 1018550 1289 1018560 3839 little 1019829 2570 1019839 3041 plate here with a bunch of holes in it 1022389 491 1022399 3520 so 1022870 3049 1022880 3840 this plate with the holes running 1025909 811 1025919 3201 through it 1026710 2410 1026720 4400 is called the cribiform plate of the 1029110 2010 1029120 4160 ethmoid bone 1031110 2170 1031120 3439 but the holes if i were to just kind of 1033270 1289 1033280 3759 poke one of the holes 1034549 2490 1034559 4721 in the cribiform plate that is going to 1037029 2251 1037039 5121 be the olfactory foramina that's where 1039270 2890 1039280 4880 the olfactory nerves run up through 1042150 2010 1042160 3919 and then you have this shark fin that's 1044150 1929 1044160 3279 kind of popping out off of the cribiform 1046069 1370 1046079 4161 plate of the ethmoid bone 1047429 2811 1047439 4161 that is called the crista galli of the 1050230 1370 1050240 3600 ethmoid bone 1051590 2250 1051600 4240 all right so this is the portions of the 1053830 2010 1053840 3760 ethmoid bone that you can see 1055830 1770 1055840 4320 kind of in the skull but there's a 1057590 2570 1057600 3920 little bit more that you can't see 1060150 1370 1060160 3519 so what we're going to do is we're going 1061510 2169 1061520 3600 to kind of take a chunk of the ethmoid 1063669 1451 1063679 2721 bone out of the skull 1065110 1290 1065120 3760 and we're going to kind of pull this 1066390 2490 1066400 4320 thing out and zoom in on it 1068870 1850 1068880 3600 all right so just a quick recap here 1070710 1770 1070720 3839 this is the cribiform plate 1072470 2089 1072480 3439 of the ethmoid bone with the olfactory 1074549 1370 1074559 4321 foramina 1075909 2971 1075919 5681 then that is the crista galli okay a 1078870 2730 1078880 5760 couple more things that you got to know 1081590 3050 1081600 5040 if you take and imagine for a second 1084630 2010 1084640 4159 that i took my fingers and i kind of 1086630 2169 1086640 2880 went right here in the midline where 1088789 731 1088799 3281 that actual 1089510 2570 1089520 3760 crista golly is and i pinched a portion 1092070 1210 1092080 4160 on the side of it 1093270 2970 1093280 3840 and i pinched a portion on this side 1096230 890 1096240 3760 these two 1097110 2890 1097120 5040 chunks that are coming off the side here 1099990 2170 1100000 4880 are called the lateral masses so it's 1102150 2730 1102160 3519 all this chunk on one half of the crista 1104870 809 1104880 2640 golly 1105669 1851 1105679 3360 and all that other chunk on the other 1107510 1529 1107520 4560 half of the crista golly 1109029 3051 1109039 5841 okay that is called the 1112070 2810 1112080 3920 lateral masses all right so now what 1114870 1130 1114880 2799 we're going to do is we're going to take 1115990 1689 1116000 2240 this ethmoid bone we were looking at the 1117669 571 1117679 1681 top 1118230 1130 1118240 2480 we're going to look at the kind of like 1119350 1370 1119360 2160 the bottom part so we're going to lift 1120710 810 1120720 5120 this 1121510 4330 1121520 6240 little sucker up okay now 1125830 1930 1125840 4240 if you look here you see a plate running 1127750 2330 1127760 3760 straight down this midline 1130070 1450 1130080 3440 okay kind of like a little extension 1131510 2010 1131520 3920 here this right here is called the 1133510 1930 1133520 3840 perpendicular plate 1135430 1930 1135440 3280 of the ethmoid bone it actually helps to 1137350 1370 1137360 4720 be one of the parts 1138710 3370 1138720 4720 that make the nasal septum all right 1142070 1370 1142080 3120 then on the sides 1143430 1770 1143440 3520 so then you have this little little kind 1145190 1770 1145200 4320 of like bump here on the side 1146950 2570 1146960 3200 of the perpendicular plates this is 1149510 650 1149520 4800 called 1150150 4170 1150160 5840 your superior nasal concha all right 1154310 1690 1154320 4000 and that gives us most of the stuff that 1155990 2330 1156000 4400 we need to know about the ethmoid bone 1158310 2090 1158320 3920 as we covered all the internal parts of 1160390 1850 1160400 2399 the temporal bone right like the petrus 1162230 569 1162240 2799 part 1162789 2250 1162799 4000 of the temporal bone now we have to do 1165029 1770 1165039 2801 is cover like the squamous part of the 1166789 1051 1166799 2801 temporal bone 1167830 1770 1167840 3120 so if we come on the outside here 1169590 1370 1169600 2720 remember we said that this was called 1170950 1370 1170960 2959 our squamous suture 1172310 1609 1172320 3680 and separated the parietal bones above 1173909 2091 1173919 4000 from the temporal bone below 1175990 1929 1176000 3200 well here is going to be the squamous 1177909 1291 1177919 2721 part of the temporal bone 1179190 1450 1179200 3760 where there's a couple kinds of 1180630 2330 1180640 5200 processes that come off of that 1182950 2890 1182960 3920 this first process is called the 1185830 1050 1185840 3520 zygomatic 1186870 2490 1186880 3760 process of the temporal bone okay so 1189350 1290 1189360 2880 this process that is coming 1190630 1610 1190640 3360 off of the squamous part of the temporal 1192230 1770 1192240 3200 bone and moving towards this what's 1193990 1450 1194000 4160 called zygomatic bone 1195430 2730 1195440 4960 this is called the zygomatic process of 1198150 2250 1198160 3920 the temporal bone 1200390 1690 1200400 4240 as we come down here what do we 1202070 2570 1202080 4800 encounter a little hole here 1204630 2250 1204640 3360 right in the hole in the skull this 1206870 1130 1206880 4720 right here is called the 1207990 3610 1208000 4559 external acoustic or external auditory 1211590 969 1211600 4000 meatus 1212549 3051 1212559 4721 that's your ear canal then 1215590 1690 1215600 3360 if we turn a little bit more and go 1217270 1690 1217280 3440 below that then you got this little 1218950 1770 1218960 3040 boob-like structure that pops off the 1220710 1290 1220720 4000 back of it 1221990 2730 1222000 4640 this is called the mastoid mass meaning 1224710 1930 1224720 3920 breast so it looks breast like 1226630 2010 1226640 4560 it's a breast like process called the 1228630 2570 1228640 4399 mastoid process 1231190 1849 1231200 4880 all right so we covered the mastoid 1233029 3051 1233039 4401 process there's this little process here 1236070 1370 1236080 3040 okay if we move a little bit in front of 1237430 1690 1237440 4640 it this little like 1239110 2970 1239120 4320 pen like process styloid remember like a 1242070 1370 1242080 5040 stylus 1243430 3690 1243440 5840 that is called the styloid process okay 1247110 2170 1247120 4240 now there's a little hole between these 1249270 2090 1249280 3759 let's flip the skull upside down so we 1251350 1689 1251360 4160 can see it 1253029 2491 1253039 4801 all right so we have our styloid process 1255510 2330 1255520 4240 anteriorly we have our mastoid process 1257830 1930 1257840 2959 posteriorly there's a tiny little hole 1259750 1049 1259760 3200 there 1260789 2171 1260799 3681 and that is called the stylomastoid 1262950 1530 1262960 3120 foramen 1264470 1610 1264480 3199 part of the facial nerve actually comes 1266070 1609 1266080 2719 out through there and supplies the face 1267669 1130 1267679 3681 when it comes out 1268789 2571 1268799 5760 all right all right beautiful so that 1271350 3209 1271360 4799 covers that part of the temporal bone 1274549 1610 1274559 2801 all right so we talked about the 1276149 1211 1276159 2961 temporal bone but now we've got to get 1277350 1770 1277360 3199 into this little tricky area here 1279110 1449 1279120 3280 lots of like words that are going to 1280549 1851 1280559 3360 combine together here in a second 1282390 1529 1282400 3200 all right but remember just to recap 1283909 1691 1283919 3521 what was this kind of process coming off 1285590 1850 1285600 4559 the squamous part of the temporal bone 1287430 2729 1287440 4320 this was called the zygomatic process of 1290149 1611 1290159 4561 the temporal bone 1291750 2970 1291760 4560 well this bone here is called the 1294710 1610 1294720 4240 zygomatic bone 1296310 2650 1296320 4880 okay there's processes that are coming 1298950 2250 1298960 4240 off of the zygomatic bone 1301190 2010 1301200 3280 this process that is coming off of this 1303190 1290 1303200 4080 bone the zygomatic bone 1304470 2810 1304480 3520 approaching the temporal bone this 1307270 730 1307280 3840 process 1307990 3130 1308000 6240 is called the temporal process 1311110 3130 1311120 5760 of the zygomatic bone when the temporal 1314230 2650 1314240 4799 process of the zygomatic bone 1316870 2169 1316880 4560 and the zygomatic process of the 1319029 2411 1319039 5760 temporal bone that's a mouthful 1321430 3369 1321440 6160 come together they make this whole arch 1324789 2811 1324799 4161 and this arch is called the zygomatic 1327590 1370 1327600 4400 arch 1328950 3050 1328960 5040 okay and again the same concept 1331990 2010 1332000 3520 here is going to occur but if you guys 1333990 1530 1334000 3039 think about this for a second here's 1335510 1529 1335520 4159 your zygomatic bone 1337029 2650 1337039 3601 this is your frontal bone so this 1339669 971 1339679 2641 process coming 1340630 1690 1340640 3440 off the frontal bone and approaching the 1342310 1770 1342320 5200 zygomatic bone is called the 1344070 3450 1344080 5520 zygomatic process of the frontal bone 1347510 2090 1347520 4159 and this process coming off of the 1349590 2089 1349600 4240 zygomatic bone approaching the frontal 1351669 2171 1351679 5441 bone is called the frontal process 1353830 3290 1353840 5120 of the zygomatic bone and then same 1357110 1850 1357120 4799 thing just to be annoying 1358950 2969 1358960 5120 if we move this forward here here is 1361909 2171 1361919 5041 your maxillary bone 1364070 2890 1364080 3520 this is your zygomatic bone this process 1366950 650 1366960 3040 is moving 1367590 2410 1367600 3360 towards the maxillary bone so this is 1369990 970 1370000 3760 called the 1370950 2810 1370960 3920 maxillary process of the zygomatic bone 1373750 1130 1373760 2640 and then this 1374870 1530 1374880 3919 maxillary bone will have a process 1376390 2409 1376400 5040 moving towards the zygomatic bone 1378789 2651 1378799 3441 so this would be called the zygomatic 1381430 810 1381440 2640 process 1382230 1850 1382240 3520 of the maxillary bone so we had to get 1384070 1690 1384080 3680 all that nonsense out of the way 1385750 2010 1385760 4080 all right but we covered the zygomatic 1387750 2090 1387760 3680 bone and the various processes 1389830 1610 1389840 3680 now let's come back here in the front 1391430 2090 1391440 4239 and cover the maxilla 1393510 2169 1393520 3600 all right and so now before we go into 1395669 1451 1395679 3360 the maxillary bones 1397110 1929 1397120 3760 and talking about them just real quick 1399029 1851 1399039 3841 you have little bones here on the side 1400870 2010 1400880 2880 called lacrimal bones but the big thing 1402870 890 1402880 2799 that you need to know is that there's 1403750 1929 1403760 2560 this little big like divot or crater 1405669 651 1405679 2240 here 1406310 1609 1406320 3599 this little divot or crater within the 1407909 2010 1407919 4880 lacrimal bone is called the lacrimal 1409909 2890 1409919 3921 fossa and within the lacrimal fossa is 1412789 1051 1412799 4401 where the lacrimal 1413830 3370 1413840 4640 sac sits which drains your tears right 1417190 1290 1417200 2560 and then that can actually go through a 1418470 1290 1418480 2640 little duct here called the nasal 1419750 1370 1419760 2799 lacrimal duct which empties into the 1421110 1449 1421120 2880 nasal cavity 1422549 1451 1422559 3681 all right so now we're going to cover 1423990 2250 1424000 3919 the maxillary bone right 1426230 1689 1426240 3360 so if you kind of imagine here if we 1427909 1691 1427919 2640 were to highlight this it's going to be 1429590 969 1429600 4000 all 1430549 3051 1430559 3921 this portion here this is all maxillary 1433590 890 1433600 3040 bone 1434470 2170 1434480 3840 okay and there's going to be on the same 1436630 1690 1436640 4320 on both sides we're just highlighting 1438310 2650 1438320 5760 this side this is all maxillary bone 1440950 3130 1440960 5360 okay now there is a couple different 1444070 2250 1444080 3760 holes and processes that are coming off 1446310 1530 1446320 2560 the maxillary bone we already talked 1447830 1050 1447840 3839 about one of them which was that 1448870 2809 1448880 4240 zygomatic process of the maxillary bone 1451669 1451 1451679 3281 but the other thing that you need to 1453110 1850 1453120 3840 know is that there's a little hole 1454950 2010 1454960 4000 in the maxillary bone that actually 1456950 2010 1456960 4480 contributes to the orbit 1458950 2490 1458960 3280 and this little hole or slit like space 1461430 810 1461440 3680 is called the 1462230 2890 1462240 4799 inferior orbital fissure so that little 1465110 1929 1465120 3760 hole there is called the inferior 1467029 1851 1467039 4961 orbital fissure 1468870 3130 1468880 5360 okay then if you look here you're going 1471990 2250 1472000 3919 to have this whole portion here 1474230 1689 1474240 4480 the bottom part of the orbit which is 1475909 2811 1475919 5281 called the infraorbital margin 1478710 2490 1478720 4400 right infraorbital margin and the 1481190 1930 1481200 4959 infraorbital margin is going to be 1483110 3049 1483120 4799 formed by the maxillary bone as well now 1486149 1770 1486159 5601 there's a little hole 1487909 3851 1487919 7201 below the infraorbital margin 1491750 3370 1491760 4440 okay in the maxillary bone so this is 1495110 1090 1495120 4240 called the 1496190 3170 1496200 7000 infraorbital foramen again 1499350 3850 1499360 5840 this is called the infraorbital foramen 1503190 2010 1503200 3440 the next thing is after we've covered 1505190 1450 1505200 3040 the inferior orbital fissure we covered 1506630 1610 1506640 4240 the infraorbital margin we cover the 1508230 2650 1508240 4640 inferior orbital foramen 1510870 2010 1510880 4080 you're going to have a little process of 1512870 2090 1512880 3679 the maxillary bone and imagine i kind of 1514950 1609 1514960 4880 highlighted 1516549 3291 1516559 4161 this portion here going towards the 1519830 890 1519840 3360 teeth 1520710 2490 1520720 3680 okay this portion here that's called the 1523190 1210 1523200 3680 alveolar 1524390 2490 1524400 4720 process of the maxillary bone because 1526870 2250 1526880 3679 it's moving towards the teeth 1529110 1449 1529120 3520 and then if you were to kind of take the 1530549 2091 1530559 5441 teeth and move 1532630 3370 1532640 4720 along this margin of the alveolar 1535990 1370 1536000 4080 process 1537350 2730 1537360 5280 this right here is called the alveolar 1540070 2570 1540080 6240 margin so we have the alveolar processes 1542630 3690 1542640 4399 and the alveolar margin one more thing 1546310 729 1546320 4640 here 1547029 3931 1547039 5760 is that coming off of the maxilla 1550950 1849 1550960 3040 right you have this little spine coming 1552789 1211 1552799 4000 off this part here 1553990 2809 1554000 4720 this is called your anterior nasal spine 1556789 1931 1556799 5760 so that's called the anterior 1558710 3849 1558720 5199 nasal spine all right now we've covered 1562549 1370 1562559 3521 that part of the maxilla 1563909 2171 1563919 4081 there's some other bones inside of the 1566070 1930 1566080 4000 nasal cavity that we got to cover 1567990 2090 1568000 5039 so let's take a look in there all right 1570070 2969 1570080 5120 so if we look inside of the nasal cavity 1573029 2171 1573039 3681 there's this bone that's working along 1575190 1530 1575200 4719 the bottom part here 1576710 3209 1576720 7360 this bone here is called the vomer 1579909 4171 1579919 5601 okay then on the sides here 1584070 1450 1584080 3120 you have these little like shell-like 1585510 1690 1585520 2320 bones that come off the side this is 1587190 650 1587200 4400 called the 1587830 3770 1587840 6240 inferior nasal concha 1591590 2490 1591600 4880 then you have little shell like 1594070 2410 1594080 5839 conscious coming off the top here 1596470 3449 1596480 6960 this is called your middle nasal 1599909 3531 1599919 6240 concha alright so just to quickly 1603430 2729 1603440 3280 reiterate and recap this this bottom 1606149 571 1606159 3681 part 1606710 3130 1606720 4959 is the vomer all right this top 1609830 1849 1609840 3760 plate here coming down through the 1611669 1931 1611679 3761 midline from the top 1613590 1850 1613600 3840 is the perpendicular plate of the 1615430 2010 1615440 3680 ethmoid bone right 1617430 1690 1617440 3200 now what's important to remember here is 1619110 1530 1619120 3919 you can kind of already see a little bit 1620630 2409 1620640 4320 of the septum being formed here 1623029 1931 1623039 3601 that's the nasal septum what do we say 1624950 1690 1624960 5199 the two parts of the nasal septum is 1626630 3529 1626640 4320 inferiorly it is the vomer superiorly it 1630149 811 1630159 3201 is the 1630950 2410 1630960 4719 perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone 1633350 2329 1633360 4480 all right that covers that 1635669 2171 1635679 4401 all right so we've covered the maxillary 1637830 2250 1637840 3600 bone right we covered the nasal cavity 1640070 1370 1640080 3920 now we've got to come to cover this 1641430 2570 1641440 3040 mandible now the first thing we need to 1643990 490 1644000 2159 do is 1644470 1689 1644480 4079 here on the mandible you have this 1646149 2410 1646159 4561 little kind of process coming off 1648549 2171 1648559 3281 this process here is called the 1650710 1130 1650720 3520 mandibular 1651830 2410 1651840 3360 condyles okay it's your mandibular 1654230 970 1654240 4159 condyles 1655190 3209 1655200 5440 they fit into a little fossa here 1658389 2251 1658399 3681 on the temporal bone and that little 1660630 1450 1660640 5440 fossa there is called the 1662070 4010 1662080 6160 mandibular fossa when the mandibular 1666070 2170 1666080 4079 fossa and the mandibular condyles 1668230 1929 1668240 4319 articulate with one another 1670149 2410 1670159 4880 they form a joint and this joint is 1672549 2490 1672559 5600 called the temporomandibular 1675029 3130 1675039 4880 joint now 1678149 1770 1678159 3841 you have a little notch as if you move 1679909 2091 1679919 3601 from the condyles forward 1681990 1530 1682000 3039 this little notch right here is called 1683510 1529 1683520 5360 the mandibular 1685029 3851 1685039 5041 notch then if we pull the mandible 1688870 1210 1688880 3360 out here so you can see it a little bit 1690070 2170 1690080 4000 nicely as we move 1692230 1850 1692240 4720 forward with the mandibular notch we go 1694070 2890 1694080 6000 into this little like beak-like process 1696950 3130 1696960 6640 and this is called the coronoid process 1700070 3530 1700080 7120 of the mandible okay 1703590 3610 1703600 6240 then if you take and make a rectangle 1707190 2650 1707200 4240 down this part of the mandible this part 1709830 1610 1709840 5280 of that rectangle 1711430 3690 1711440 6000 is called the ramus of the mandible 1715110 2330 1715120 4320 then as the mandible works its way down 1717430 2010 1717440 5520 and it starts to turn it creates an 1719430 3530 1719440 7760 angle called the mandibular 1722950 4250 1722960 5520 angle then we move to the thickest part 1727190 1290 1727200 3040 of the mandible 1728470 1770 1728480 4000 and this really thick part of the 1730230 2250 1730240 5760 mandible is called the 1732470 3530 1732480 5040 body of the mandible and then you have a 1735990 1530 1736000 4159 tiny little hole here 1737510 2649 1737520 3840 in the front of the mandible and that's 1740149 1211 1740159 5281 called the mental 1741350 4090 1741360 4480 foramen okay all right just to show off 1745430 410 1745440 2800 how 1745830 2410 1745840 4000 cool these models are from the anatomy 1748230 1610 1748240 3439 warehouse look at that 1749830 1849 1749840 4559 that's pretty awesome you can see the 1751669 2730 1751679 4240 detail and the intricacies and how much 1754389 1530 1754399 3041 time they put into these models if you 1755909 1531 1755919 3521 guys are interested in looking at any of 1757430 2010 1757440 4959 these models we'll have a link 1759430 2969 1759440 4320 in the description box to the anatomy 1762389 1371 1762399 3361 warehouse where you guys can go and see 1763750 2010 1763760 3440 all the cool stuff that they have 1765750 1450 1765760 2960 but again just kind of looking in here 1767190 1530 1767200 3520 you can even see the intricacies of 1768710 2010 1768720 3760 compact bone versus the 1770710 1770 1770720 3360 spongy bone difference and even a little 1772470 1610 1772480 2960 joint called the gomphosis 1774070 1370 1774080 4160 but again i thought that was pretty cool 1775430 2810 1775440 4800 here seeing that from their models 1778230 2010 1778240 3200 all right so one last thing we have to 1780230 1210 1780240 4080 see is we got to kind of 1781430 2890 1781440 4880 turn this inward so you can see inside 1784310 2010 1784320 5200 of the mandible here 1786310 3210 1786320 7040 and when we do that you guys can see 1789510 3850 1789520 6000 that there is a little hole here 1793350 2170 1793360 3919 right on the inner side of the mandible 1795510 1769 1795520 4159 and that little hole on the inner side 1797269 2410 1797279 5120 of the mandible is called the mandibular 1799669 2730 1799679 4081 foramen okay it's called the mandibular 1802389 1371 1802399 4000 foramen 1803750 2649 1803760 4480 all right so that is the last part of 1806389 1851 1806399 2801 the actual mandible that you need to 1808230 970 1808240 2960 know 1809190 2010 1809200 5280 what we're going to now do is take a 1811190 3290 1811200 4880 look at just the mandible by itself 1814470 1610 1814480 2880 separated from the rest of the skull so 1816070 1290 1816080 3520 that you guys can get a better idea of 1817350 2250 1817360 4720 some of the structures 1819590 2490 1819600 4240 all right engineers so i just ripped off 1822070 1770 1822080 4400 this mandible off of the skull like 1823830 2650 1823840 4000 captain america would do to thanos 1826470 1370 1826480 2880 and what we're going to do is we're 1827830 1530 1827840 2559 going to kind of just recap some of 1829350 1049 1829360 3520 these structures 1830389 2491 1830399 3520 so if we take a look-see here turn this 1832870 1049 1832880 4080 to the side like we had 1833909 3051 1833919 4561 before all right so if we start this off 1836950 1530 1836960 3920 again recapping this is the 1838470 2410 1838480 3840 mandibular condyles this is the 1840870 1450 1840880 4799 mandibular notch 1842310 3369 1842320 7359 this is the coronoid process this is the 1845669 4010 1845679 7201 ramus this is the angle of the mandible 1849669 3211 1849679 4081 this is the body of the mandible then 1852870 890 1852880 4080 you have your 1853750 3210 1853760 4560 mental foramen now two other things that 1856950 1370 1856960 4160 we did not mention 1858310 2810 1858320 4560 so if we come here to the midline you 1861110 1770 1861120 3919 can see a little bump 1862870 2169 1862880 3039 right and this is called the mandibular 1865029 890 1865039 2401 symphysis 1865909 1531 1865919 3281 so this looks like the fusion point 1867430 1770 1867440 4079 between the the mandible when it was 1869190 2329 1869200 4400 growing from the pharyngeal arches 1871509 2091 1871519 4481 and then the last thing here is remember 1873590 2410 1873600 4000 how we had the alveolar processes of the 1875990 1610 1876000 4080 maxillary bone 1877590 2490 1877600 4000 we also have the alveolar processes of 1880070 1530 1880080 3680 the mandible so it's the part of the 1881590 2170 1881600 5679 bone that's moving toward the teeth 1883750 3529 1883760 4880 so this right here would be the alveolar 1887269 1371 1887279 3760 processes of the 1888630 2409 1888640 4720 mandible and if i were to just kind of 1891029 2331 1891039 4801 move this pointer along the edge between 1893350 2490 1893360 5600 the teeth in that alveolar process 1895830 3130 1895840 6000 that is called the alveolar margin 1898950 2890 1898960 5040 all right if we flip this over and kind 1901830 2170 1901840 5600 of take a look inside 1903990 3450 1904000 6880 again we can kind of see here the holes 1907430 3450 1907440 4400 this is your mandibular foramen so again 1910870 970 1910880 4159 what is this 1911830 3209 1911840 5679 the mandibular foramen 1915029 2490 1915039 3760 all right ninja nerds for the last part 1917509 1290 1917519 3441 of the skull 1918789 2171 1918799 3760 we got to go back to the maxillary bone 1920950 1609 1920960 3920 and then cover another bone 1922549 2331 1922559 3761 all right never ends does it but again 1924870 1450 1924880 3120 we're looking at the top here right so 1926310 1690 1926320 3280 we remove the jaw bone so that's out of 1927990 1610 1928000 2240 the way so we are the mandible we should 1929590 650 1929600 3199 actually be 1930230 2569 1930240 3760 anatomically correct remove the mandible 1932789 1211 1932799 4081 and now we're looking 1933990 2890 1934000 4640 at the pallet okay and this is actually 1936870 1770 1936880 5360 going to be a part of the maxilla 1938630 3610 1938640 6000 okay but from this kind of you see this 1942230 2410 1942240 3039 line here this is a line right here this 1944630 649 1944640 3680 is lines 1945269 3051 1945279 4240 separating two bones the bone that's in 1948310 1209 1948320 5040 front of that line 1949509 3851 1949519 6801 all of this portion here this is called 1953350 2970 1953360 4400 the palatine process of the maxillary 1956310 1450 1956320 4239 bone 1957750 2809 1957760 3360 then if you use that line again right 1960549 571 1960559 3120 there 1961110 2569 1961120 4080 and go backwards and then this chunk 1963669 1531 1963679 5041 right here 1965190 3530 1965200 7680 this is called the horizontal plate 1968710 4170 1968720 5600 of the palatine bone now 1972870 1450 1972880 3120 you're probably wondering okay there's a 1974310 1690 1974320 4079 horizontal plate of the palatine 1975990 2409 1976000 4080 bone where the heck is that vertical or 1978389 1691 1978399 3120 perpendicular plate 1980070 1449 1980080 4400 it's kind of difficult to see but it 1981509 2971 1981519 4481 comes down in here so it would be right 1984470 1530 1984480 4240 around this area 1985990 2730 1986000 4320 would be the perpendicular plate of the 1988710 1610 1988720 3360 palatine bone 1990310 1770 1990320 3839 and so one last thing here before we 1992070 2089 1992080 4240 cover another part of the sphenoid bone 1994149 2171 1994159 3041 is if we go up through the palatine 1996310 890 1996320 3760 process right 1997190 2890 1997200 3839 of that actual maxillary bone there's a 2000070 969 2000080 3439 little hole there 2001029 2490 2001039 3681 in that palatine process that is called 2003509 1211 2003519 5121 the incisive 2004710 3930 2004720 4319 fossa okay all right so the last part 2008630 409 2008640 2480 here 2009029 2091 2009039 3041 is actually the sphenoid bone so we 2011110 970 2011120 3360 covered even little bits of the 2012070 2410 2012080 3839 maxillary we covered that palatine bone 2014470 1449 2014480 3039 there are these little legs i'm going to 2015909 1610 2015919 4321 show you that view again on the 2017509 2731 2017519 3441 separated sphenoid bone but this whole 2020230 730 2020240 2559 thing here 2020950 1849 2020960 4319 these little legs that are kind of 2022789 2490 2022799 6081 coming off the bottom 2025269 3611 2025279 5041 this is called the pterygoid processes 2028870 1450 2028880 3519 of the sphenoid bone so again these are 2030310 2089 2030320 4800 called your pterygoid processes 2032389 2731 2032399 4640 of the sphenoid bone so now let's take a 2035110 1929 2035120 3279 look just to finish this off what this 2037029 1370 2037039 3120 actually looks like coming off of that 2038389 1770 2038399 3601 little separate sphenoid bone 2040149 1851 2040159 3520 all right and so we kind of took that 2041990 1689 2042000 2880 little separated sphenoid bone from the 2043669 1211 2043679 2720 skull and as you can see 2044870 1529 2044880 2799 this kind of like like the little legs 2046389 1290 2046399 2801 this looks like a bat if you will the 2047669 1531 2047679 3440 sphenoid bone separated 2049190 1929 2049200 3360 so just imagine these are like the legs 2051109 1451 2051119 2720 of the bat and what are the legs of the 2052550 1289 2052560 5599 bat called 2053829 4330 2053839 4320 the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid 2058829 0 2058839 3080 bone 2060069 1850 2060079 3600 nishner so in this video we covered the 2061909 1770 2061919 3121 anatomy of the skull i hope it made 2063669 1371 2063679 3521 sense and i hope you guys did 2065030 2170 2065040 3920 like it and enjoy it before we end this 2067190 1770 2067200 3120 video please make sure you guys go down 2068950 1370 2068960 2800 in that description box 2070310 1450 2070320 3120 check out the link to the anatomy 2071750 1690 2071760 2480 warehouse they got so many cool anatomy 2073430 810 2073440 2399 models there 2074230 1609 2074240 3280 make sure you guys give them a look but 2075829 1691 2075839 2161 as always engineers we love you thank 2077510 490 2077520 2720 you 2077990 2250 2078000 11839 always appreciate your support and as 2080230 9609 2080240 9599 always until next time 2091560 0 2091570 12350 [Music] 2101829 2091 2101839 2081 you