{"version":"6.9","hitCount":762,"nextCursorMark":"AoJwwLa+jZ8DKDU2MDI2NDU2","nextPageUrl":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?query=%28%22individual+typology+angle%22+OR+%22facultative+pigmentation%22+OR+%22constitutive+pigmentation%22+OR+%22delayed+tanning%22+OR+%22persistent+pigment+darkening%22%29&cursorMark=AoJwwLa%2BjZ8DKDU2MDI2NDU2&resultType=core&sort=P_PDATE_D+desc&format=json","request":{"queryString":"(\"individual typology angle\" OR \"facultative pigmentation\" OR \"constitutive pigmentation\" OR \"delayed tanning\" OR \"persistent pigment darkening\")","resultType":"core","cursorMark":"*","pageSize":25,"sort":"P_PDATE_D desc","synonym":false},"resultList":{"result":[{"id":"42438416","source":"MED","pmid":"42438416","pmcid":"PMC13366648","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13366648"]},"doi":"10.1080/07853890.2026.2694142","title":"A deep learning framework for recognizing skin changes secondary to chronic venous insufficiency in clinical photographs: a multicentre validation study.","authorString":"Kim KE, Lee Y, Kang H, Kim DH, Roh HK, Yang S, Kim BS.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Kim KE","lastName":"Kim","firstName":"Ko Eun","initials":"KE","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-4141-204X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Lee Y","lastName":"Lee","firstName":"Yerin","initials":"Y","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5450-6734"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Precision Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Kang H","lastName":"Kang","firstName":"Hyunyoung","initials":"H","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-2841-5416"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Precision Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Kim DH","lastName":"Kim","firstName":"Dai Hyun","initials":"DH","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3546-2366"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Roh HK","lastName":"Roh","firstName":"Hwan Kyu","initials":"HK","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Heartwell Vein Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Yang S","lastName":"Yang","firstName":"Sejung","initials":"S","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-5841-851X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Precision Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea."},{"affiliation":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Kim BS","lastName":"Kim","firstName":"Beom Suk","initials":"BS","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-4972-9508"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."},{"affiliation":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong-si, Republic of Korea."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5450-6734"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3546-2366"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-4141-204X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-5841-851X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-4972-9508"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-2841-5416"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"58","journalIssueId":4076777,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Dec","monthOfPublication":12,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Ann Med","title":"Annals of medicine","essn":"1365-2060","issn":"0785-3890","nlmid":"8906388","isoabbreviation":"Ann Med"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-12-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"2694142","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) produces heterogeneous lower-extremity skin changes that often mimic inflammatory dermatoses, complicating the differentiation between venous etiologies and conditions requiring dermatologic care. Coexisting venous signs further confound visual interpretation, leading to diagnostic variability. To address this unmet clinical need, we developed and externally validated a pose-guided, high-resolution deep learning pipeline to classify CVI-related skin lesions from routine clinical photographs.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>A deep learning framework was developed using a multicentre dataset (8672 images) from Korea University Guro Hospital, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital and Heartwell Vein Clinic. The pipeline integrated Sapiens-based pose estimation for limb localization and a U-Net model refined with Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) for skin segmentation. Multiple backbone architectures were evaluated, and ResNet-34 was selected based on optimal performance, taking refined masks and RGB images as input. Performance was evaluated on an internal test set, an independent clinical dataset (<i>n</i> = 183), and the Fitzpatrick17k dataset.<h4>Results</h4>ResNet-34 emerged as the optimal architecture, achieving an internal AUROC of 0.922 with balanced sensitivity (0.679) and specificity (0.943) at 1024 × 1024 resolution. Pose-guided skin segmentation improved discrimination compared to using raw images (AUROC 0.920) or skin masking alone (AUROC 0.905). Multicentre training enhanced generalizability, yielding an external AUROC of 0.877 and maintaining high performance on the Fitzpatrick17k dataset (sensitivity 0.918).<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our pose-guided, high-resolution pipeline enables robust, objective detection of CVI-related skin lesions. By demonstrating high generalizability across multicentre and public datasets, this framework serves as a reliable decision-support tool to standardize clinical phenotyping and facilitate consistent triage and management of chronic venous disease across diverse care settings.","affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","research-article","Validation Study","Multicenter Study","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"National Research Foundation of Korea","grantId":"2022R1A2C2091160","orderIn":0},{"agency":"Bio &amp; Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Research Foundation of Korea","grantId":"RS-2024-00352120","orderIn":0},{"agency":"Korean Government","grantId":"RS-2024-00440802","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DG","qualifierName":"diagnostic imaging"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PA","qualifierName":"pathology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Venous Insufficiency","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"CO","qualifierName":"complications"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin Diseases","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"ET","qualifierName":"etiology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Chronic Disease"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Photography","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Deep Learning"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Lipodermatosclerosis","Pose Estimation","Chronic Venous Disease","Computer-assisted Decision Making","Skin Segmentation","Stasis Dermatitis"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2026.2694142"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13366648"},{"availability":"Open 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Comprehensive Review.","authorString":"İsmail Mendi B, İşibol C, Sayegh A, Mendi BAR, Atak MF, Farabi B.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"İsmail Mendi B","lastName":"İsmail Mendi","firstName":"Banu","initials":"B","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye."}]}},{"fullName":"İşibol C","lastName":"İşibol","firstName":"Ceren","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye."}]}},{"fullName":"Sayegh A","lastName":"Sayegh","firstName":"Alyssa","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-9392-6615"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Mendi BAR","lastName":"Mendi","firstName":"Bökebatur Ahmet Raşit","initials":"BAR","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Radiology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye."}]}},{"fullName":"Atak MF","lastName":"Atak","firstName":"Mehmet Fatih","initials":"MF","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, NYC Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan, New York, NY 10029, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Farabi B","lastName":"Farabi","firstName":"Banu","initials":"B","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-9392-6615"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"18","volume":"18","journalIssueId":4265245,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Sep","monthOfPublication":9,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Cancers (Basel)","title":"Cancers","essn":"2072-6694","issn":"2072-6694","nlmid":"101526829","isoabbreviation":"Cancers (Basel)"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-09-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"2998","abstractText":"Mycosis fungoides, the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, presents notable diagnostic challenges. In its early stages, it may resemble inflammatory dermatoses both clinically and histologically, causing delays in diagnosis. These factors can lead to treatment delays, allowing the disease to progress and adversely affecting the patient's quality of life. To address this issue, the use of skin imaging techniques like dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and high-frequency ultrasound has increased in recent years. These techniques assist in diagnosis and treatment monitoring, reducing unnecessary biopsies by guiding accurate sampling from the most relevant sites and improving staging accuracy. This review provides a thorough overview of non-invasive skin imaging methods employed in the diagnosis and management of mycosis fungoides.","affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Mycosis Fungoides","Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma","Dermoscopy","optical coherence tomography","Non-invasive Imaging"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18182998"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13604642"},{"availability":"Open 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M.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Quesnel Y","lastName":"Quesnel","firstName":"Yannick","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Kokuma"}]}},{"fullName":"Gold M","lastName":"Gold","firstName":"Michael","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Gold Skin Care Center, Tennessee Clinical Research Center"}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"10","volume":"25","journalIssueId":4268666,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Sep","monthOfPublication":9,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Cosmet Dermatol","title":"Journal of cosmetic dermatology","essn":"1473-2165","issn":"1473-2130","nlmid":"101130964","isoabbreviation":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-09-01"},"pubYear":"2026","language":"eng","pubModel":"Undetermined","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"PubMedCentral","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599461/?tool=EBI"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"PubMedCentral","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599461/pdf/?tool=EBI"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13599461"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13599461?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"N","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-09-25","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-25","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-09-23","firstPublicationDate":"2026-09-23","firstIndexDate":"2026-09-25","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-25","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42775285","source":"MED","pmid":"42775285","pmcid":"PMC13596750","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13596750"]},"doi":"10.1096/fba.2026-00200","title":"Blue Light Exposure Induces Changes Associated With Senescence and Skin Aging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.","authorString":"McNish H, Mathapathi MS, Figlak K, Damodaran A, Birch-Machin M.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"McNish H","lastName":"McNish","firstName":"Helen","initials":"H","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0008-3464-6332"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University London UK."}]}},{"fullName":"Mathapathi MS","lastName":"Mathapathi","firstName":"Mruthyunjaya Swamy","initials":"MS","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-8534-9184"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Unilever R&D Bangalore India."}]}},{"fullName":"Figlak K","lastName":"Figlak","firstName":"Katarzyna","initials":"K","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2089-5967"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Unilever Bioscience Innovation Hub, King's College London London UK."}]}},{"fullName":"Damodaran A","lastName":"Damodaran","firstName":"Anita","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9108-9746"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Unilever R&D Bangalore India."}]}},{"fullName":"Birch-Machin M","lastName":"Birch-Machin","firstName":"Mark","initials":"M","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2668-2623"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University London UK."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2668-2623"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9108-9746"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2089-5967"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-8534-9184"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0008-3464-6332"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"9","volume":"8","journalIssueId":4250165,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Sep","monthOfPublication":9,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"FASEB Bioadv","title":"FASEB bioAdvances","essn":"2573-9832","issn":"2573-9832","nlmid":"101733210","isoabbreviation":"FASEB Bioadv"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-09-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e70154","abstractText":"Blue light is becoming increasingly prevalent in our daily lives. However, the possible deleterious effects of blue light exposure on the skin have been largely overlooked. We have previously shown that blue light has the ability to induce mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and dysfunction in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFn). However, whether blue light is able to induce senescence in skin has yet to be investigated. Cellular senescence is a key part of the aging process and is heavily associated with an aging phenotype. Our study involved exposing HDFn to varying doses of blue light before assessing the expression of known senescence markers using both immunofluorescence and gene expression qPCR. We also assessed beta-galactosidase activity using a senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA β-gal) staining kit. Blue light induces increased γH2AX expression (<i>p</i> = ≤ 0.0001), indicating its ability to induce DNA double-strand breaks. P21, a known marker of senescence, is increased in response to blue light, as seen in both immunofluorescence and gene expression, where a 15-fold increase is reported in cells exposed to 50 J/cm<sup>2</sup> blue light (<i>p</i> = ≤ 0.001). Importantly, NFκB also displayed a dose-dependent increase in expression following blue light exposure, with 25 J/cm<sup>2</sup> (<i>p</i> = ≤ 0.0001) and 50 J/cm<sup>2</sup> (<i>p</i> = ≤ 0.0001) inducing maximal nuclear translocation. SA β-gal activity also increased in response to blue light, with 25 J/cm<sup>2</sup> being the minimum dose required to induce statistical significance (<i>p</i> = ≤ 0.01) when compared to a non-irradiated control group. Taken together, we demonstrate that blue light may have the ability to induce not only mtDNA damage but also nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage. This, combined with the increased expression of senescent markers and SA-β-gal activity, suggests that blue light could induce cellular senescence while also eliciting the bystander effect in neighboring cells due to increased NFκB nuclear translocation and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These findings emphasize the need for further research into the potential deleterious effects of senescence in skin and for future interventions to attenuate these effects.","affiliation":"Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University London UK.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","grantId":"BB/X511390/1","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Aging","Senescence","Blue light","SKin"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fba.2026-00200"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13596750"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13596750?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-09-23","dateOfCreation":"2026-09-23","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-24","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-09-22","firstPublicationDate":"2026-09-22","firstIndexDate":"2026-09-24","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-25","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42761786","source":"MED","pmid":"42761786","pmcid":"PMC13587242","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13587242"]},"doi":"10.1117/1.jbo.31.9.095003","title":"Development and optical characterization of a multilayered head phantom for optical brain monitoring.","authorString":"Awad-Pérez K, Roldan M, Kyriacou PA.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Awad-Pérez K","lastName":"Awad-Pérez","firstName":"Karina","initials":"K","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0009-0875-8709"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"City St George's University of London, Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom."}]}},{"fullName":"Roldan M","lastName":"Roldan","firstName":"Maria","initials":"M","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7298-813X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Crainio Limited, London, United Kingdom."}]}},{"fullName":"Kyriacou PA","lastName":"Kyriacou","firstName":"Panicos A","initials":"PA","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2868-485X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"City St George's University of London, Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom."},{"affiliation":"Crainio Limited, London, United Kingdom."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2868-485X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7298-813X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0009-0875-8709"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"9","volume":"31","journalIssueId":4253196,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Sep","monthOfPublication":9,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Biomed Opt","title":"Journal of biomedical optics","essn":"1560-2281","issn":"1083-3668","nlmid":"9605853","isoabbreviation":"J Biomed Opt"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-09-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"095003","abstractText":"<h4>Significance</h4>Optical techniques are promising tools for non-invasive cerebral monitoring; however, optical measurements acquired from the forehead can be influenced by extracranial tissues and skin pigmentation, potentially complicating interpretation of cerebral signals. Tissue-mimicking phantoms provide controlled platforms for studying these effects; however, existing head phantoms employ simplified geometries and lack the features required for cerebral photoplethysmography (PPG) investigations.<h4>Aim</h4>We present the development and characterization of a multilayer head phantom reproducing key anatomical, optical, and hemodynamic features relevant to optical brain monitoring while enabling future investigation of confounding factors.<h4>Approach</h4>The phantom incorporates a custom-made silicone brain with embedded vessels, a three-dimensional-printed skull, a vascularized scalp, and interchangeable skin layers representing different pigmentation levels, integrated with an <i>in vitro</i> cardiovascular system enabling selective perfusion of cerebral and extracranial compartments. The optical and colorimetric properties of the tissue-mimicking layers were assessed.<h4>Results</h4>The scalp and skin layers exhibited absorption and reduced scattering coefficients within ranges reported for human tissues. Colorimetric assessment confirmed physiologically relevant pigmentation characteristics across the skin layers. Using the pale skin, the phantom generated measurable PPG signals across multiple wavelengths and source-detector separations.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The multilayer head phantom provides an anatomically and optically representative platform for optical brain monitoring research. Its interchangeable skin layers and independently perfusable cerebral and extracranial compartments enable future controlled investigations of skin pigmentation and extracranial hemodynamics as confounding factors in cerebral optical measurements.","affiliation":"City St George's University of London, Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Head","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DG","qualifierName":"diagnostic imaging"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Brain","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DG","qualifierName":"diagnostic imaging"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"BS","qualifierName":"blood supply"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Skin"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Photoplethysmography","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"IS","qualifierName":"instrumentation"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Monitoring, Physiologic","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"IS","qualifierName":"instrumentation"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Skin Pigmentation"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Colorimetry"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Equipment Design"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Phantoms, Imaging"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Printing, Three-Dimensional"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Skin pigmentation","Optical Characterization","Head Phantom","Cerebral Photoplethysmography","Extracranial Circulation"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.31.9.095003"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13587242"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13587242?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-09-19","dateOfCreation":"2026-09-19","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-21","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-09-18","firstPublicationDate":"2026-09-18","firstIndexDate":"2026-09-20","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-20","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42740296","source":"MED","pmid":"42740296","pmcid":"PMC13567920","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13567920"]},"doi":"10.3390/s26175676","title":"Real-Time SpO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Estimation from Chest Reflectance Photoplethysmography: Algorithm Development and Clinical Validation Against Arterial SaO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.","authorString":"Lee W, Shin J, Song M, Song MK, Kim KM, Noh GJ, Cho S.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Lee W","lastName":"Lee","firstName":"WooYong","initials":"W","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Development, MEZOO Co., Ltd., 200, Gieopdosi-ro, Jijeong-myeon, Wonju-si 26354, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Shin J","lastName":"Shin","firstName":"Jaeyeon","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Development, MEZOO Co., Ltd., 200, Gieopdosi-ro, Jijeong-myeon, Wonju-si 26354, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Song M","lastName":"Song","firstName":"MiHye","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Development, MEZOO Co., Ltd., 200, Gieopdosi-ro, Jijeong-myeon, Wonju-si 26354, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Song MK","lastName":"Song","firstName":"Mi-Kyung","initials":"MK","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Development, MEZOO Co., Ltd., 200, Gieopdosi-ro, Jijeong-myeon, Wonju-si 26354, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Kim KM","lastName":"Kim","firstName":"Kyung Mi","initials":"KM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Noh GJ","lastName":"Noh","firstName":"Gyu-Jeong","initials":"GJ","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea."},{"affiliation":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea."}]}},{"fullName":"Cho S","lastName":"Cho","firstName":"SungPil","initials":"S","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0003-8914-7091"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Development, MEZOO Co., Ltd., 200, Gieopdosi-ro, Jijeong-myeon, Wonju-si 26354, Republic of Korea."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0003-8914-7091"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"17","volume":"26","journalIssueId":4261572,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Sep","monthOfPublication":9,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Sensors (Basel)","title":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","essn":"1424-8220","issn":"1424-8220","nlmid":"101204366","isoabbreviation":"Sensors (Basel)"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-09-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"5676","abstractText":"Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) estimation using photoplethysmography (PPG) is typically based on the pulsatile components of red and infrared (IR) PPG signals acquired from peripheral sites, such as the finger or earlobe. Although these sites provide strong PPG signals, they are less suitable for integrated monitoring with electrocardiography (ECG), including arrhythmia detection. Simultaneous acquisition of PPG and ECG from a chest-worn device may therefore enable continuous and integrated physiological monitoring. However, chest PPG is characterized by lower perfusion and greater susceptibility to respiratory and motion artifacts, making reliable extraction of pulsatile red and IR components challenging. In this study, we developed and clinically evaluated a real-time SpO<sub>2</sub> estimation algorithm based on chest reflectance PPG. Green PPG, which provides a relatively distinct pulsatile waveform under low-perfusion conditions, was used for beat detection. A heart-rate-adaptive analysis window, normalized cross-correlation-based signal quality assessment, and least-squares estimation of the AC amplitude ratio were combined to calculate the red-to-IR ratio of ratios, from which SpO<sub>2</sub> was estimated using a calibration equation. Algorithm performance was evaluated against reference arterial oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>) measured using a blood gas analyzer. The proposed method achieved an accuracy root mean square of 2.91% relative to the reference SaO<sub>2</sub>. These results support the technical feasibility of chest reflectance PPG-based SpO<sub>2</sub> estimation and its accuracy under controlled desaturation conditions.","affiliation":"Department of Development, MEZOO Co., Ltd., 200, Gieopdosi-ro, Jijeong-myeon, Wonju-si 26354, Republic of Korea.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Tech Investor Program for Scale-up","grantId":"RS-2023-00303821","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Thorax","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Oxygen","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"BL","qualifierName":"blood"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Electrocardiography"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Oximetry","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Photoplethysmography","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Monitoring, Physiologic","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Heart Rate","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Algorithms"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Adult"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Female"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Male"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Oxygen Saturation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology"}]}}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Spo2","Wearable Device","Ppg","Sqi","Chest Patch","Reflectance Oximetry"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Oxygen","registryNumber":"S88TT14065"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175676"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13567920"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13567920?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-09-15","dateOfCreation":"2026-09-15","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-16","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-09-07","firstPublicationDate":"2026-09-07","firstIndexDate":"2026-09-16","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-13","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42557920","source":"MED","pmid":"42557920","pmcid":"PMC13444213","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13444213"]},"doi":"10.1111/phpp.70113","title":"Natural Agents for Preventing Skin Damage Induced by Visible Light: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.","authorString":"Rodríguez-Luna A, Zamarrón A, García-Muñoz C, Hernández-Rodríguez JC, Lim HW, González S.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Rodríguez-Luna A","lastName":"Rodríguez-Luna","firstName":"Azahara","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1529-7674"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain."},{"affiliation":"Department of Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Zamarrón A","lastName":"Zamarrón","firstName":"Alicia","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7711-2145"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"García-Muñoz C","lastName":"García-Muñoz","firstName":"Cristina","initials":"C","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2621-2098"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España."}]}},{"fullName":"Hernández-Rodríguez JC","lastName":"Hernández-Rodríguez","firstName":"Juan-Carlos","initials":"JC","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2525-4069"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España."}]}},{"fullName":"Lim HW","lastName":"Lim","firstName":"Henry W","initials":"HW","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1576-1115"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"The Henry W. Lim Division of Photobiology and Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"González S","lastName":"González","firstName":"Salvador","initials":"S","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-9282-4784"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-9282-4784"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1529-7674"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1576-1115"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-7711-2145"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2525-4069"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2621-2098"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"5","volume":"42","journalIssueId":4234913,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Sep","monthOfPublication":9,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed","title":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","essn":"1600-0781","issn":"0905-4383","nlmid":"9013641","isoabbreviation":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-09-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e70113","abstractText":"<h4>Background/purpose</h4>Visible light (VL), and particularly high-energy visible light (HEVL), reaching Earth's surface has emerged as a relevant contributor to skin damage. VL has been implicated in oxidative stress, inflammation, pigmentation disorders, and photoaging, especially in individuals with darker skin phototypes. As conventional sunscreens offer limited protection in the visible spectrum, increasing attention has been directed toward complementary photoprotective strategies, including the use of natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This systematic review aims to evaluate and synthesize the available preclinical and clinical evidence on the photoprotective effects of natural compounds against VL-induced skin damage, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety.<h4>Methods</h4>A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify studies reporting validated objective outcomes, including colorimetric parameters, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, or clinical grading scales. Eligible studies were included, qualitatively synthesized, and risk of bias was evaluated.<h4>Results</h4>Preclinical studies demonstrated that natural compounds mitigated VL-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and pigmentation-related pathways. Clinical studies showed that formulations containing natural compounds improved VL-induced erythema and pigmentation outcomes. However, considerable heterogeneity was observed in irradiation protocols, outcome measures, and study designs, precluding quantitative meta-analysis.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Overall, available evidence supports a protective role for selected natural compounds against VL-induced skin damage, particularly through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, with the strongest clinical evidence focusing on natural sources of polyphenols. Nevertheless, this review highlights the need for standardized phototesting protocols and well-designed clinical trials. Future research should focus on comparative efficacy, long-term safety, and integration of natural compounds into combined photoprotection strategies tailored to different skin phototypes.","affiliation":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Systematic Review","review-article","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PA","qualifierName":"pathology"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"RE","qualifierName":"radiation effects"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Animals"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Sunscreening Agents","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"TU","qualifierName":"therapeutic use"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Biological Products","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"TU","qualifierName":"therapeutic use"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Antioxidants","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"TU","qualifierName":"therapeutic use"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Oxidative Stress","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"RE","qualifierName":"radiation effects"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Skin Aging","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Light","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"AE","qualifierName":"adverse effects"}]}}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Photoprotection","Pigmentation","photoaging","Systematic review","Natural Compounds","Skin Photobiology","Visible Lightantioxidants","High‐energy Visible Light"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Antioxidants","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Biological Products","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"Sunscreening Agents","registryNumber":"0"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.70113"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13444213"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13444213?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-06","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-06","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-25","firstPublicationDate":"2026-09-01","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-07","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-04","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"41612130","source":"MED","pmid":"41612130","pmcid":"PMC13575714","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13575714"]},"doi":"10.1111/php.70078","title":"Effects of solar-simulated (UVB plus UVA) radiation on the skin microbiome: An exploratory study.","authorString":"Dimmers F, Reichert D, Wigmann C, Trullàs C, Piquero-Casals J, Brown A, Foyaca M, Esser C, Krutmann J.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Dimmers F","lastName":"Dimmers","firstName":"Florian","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany."},{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Reichert D","lastName":"Reichert","firstName":"Doreen","initials":"D","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Wigmann C","lastName":"Wigmann","firstName":"Claudia","initials":"C","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0612-2637"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Trullàs C","lastName":"Trullàs","firstName":"Carles","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Piquero-Casals J","lastName":"Piquero-Casals","firstName":"Jaime","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Dermik Multidisciplinary Dermatology Clinic, Barcelona, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Brown A","lastName":"Brown","firstName":"Anthony","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1271-310X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Foyaca M","lastName":"Foyaca","firstName":"Monica","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain."}]}},{"fullName":"Esser C","lastName":"Esser","firstName":"Charlotte","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Krutmann J","lastName":"Krutmann","firstName":"Jean","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8433-1517"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8433-1517"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0612-2637"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1271-310X"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"5","volume":"102","journalIssueId":4262834,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Sep-Oct","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Photochem Photobiol","title":"Photochemistry and photobiology","essn":"1751-1097","issn":"0031-8655","nlmid":"0376425","isoabbreviation":"Photochem Photobiol"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-09-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1150-1158","abstractText":"This exploratory in vivo study investigated the impact of solar-simulated ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVB plus UVA) on the composition of the human skin microbiome in healthy male volunteers. Thirty Caucasian men were exposed to suberythemal and erythemal doses of UV radiation (0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 minimal erythema dose, MED) on defined areas of the lower back. Skin swabs were collected from both irradiated (n = 243) and nonirradiated control sites (n = 81) 30 min, 24 h, and 96 h postexposure. The microbial profiles were generated using flow cytometry, and the data were analyzed via the open-access bioinformatic platform FlowSoFine™. The results revealed pronounced alterations in the microbial composition, with changes already detectable 30 min after exposure. Although partial recovery was observed over time, certain microbial shifts persisted. Further analysis indicated dose-dependent trends in microbiome changes, suggesting a potential relationship between the extent of microbial alteration and the applied UV dose. These results suggest that even low, nonerythematous exposure to solar-simulated UV radiation can rapidly alter the microbial balance of the skin and emphasize the role of UV radiation as a potent modulator of the skin microbial homeostasis.","affiliation":"IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MI","qualifierName":"microbiology"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"RE","qualifierName":"radiation effects"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Sunlight"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Ultraviolet 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Monotherapy Versus Yellow Light Combined With 20% Vitamin C for the Treatment of Melasma: A Single‐Center, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Study","authorString":"Du D, Liu X, Huang Y, Wu S, Jiang X.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Du D","lastName":"Du","firstName":"Dan","initials":"D","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan University"}]}},{"fullName":"Liu X","lastName":"Liu","firstName":"Xu","initials":"X","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan University"}]}},{"fullName":"Huang Y","lastName":"Huang","firstName":"Yuwei","initials":"Y","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan University"}]}},{"fullName":"Wu S","lastName":"Wu","firstName":"Shuwei","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Sichuan University"}]}},{"fullName":"Jiang 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of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Cieślawska J","lastName":"Cieślawska","firstName":"Julia","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-3448-5517"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Gackowski M","lastName":"Gackowski","firstName":"Michał","initials":"M","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0001-9254-3728"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland."},{"affiliation":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Kowalczyk MJ","lastName":"Kowalczyk","firstName":"Michał J","initials":"MJ","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9295-7349"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Pawłowska M","lastName":"Pawłowska","firstName":"Małgorzata","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Gornowicz-Porowska J","lastName":"Gornowicz-Porowska","firstName":"Justyna","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3106-064X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Osmałek T","lastName":"Osmałek","firstName":"Tomasz","initials":"T","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-6939-2888"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Marzec M","lastName":"Marzec","firstName":"Marta","initials":"M","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-1482-8274"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Nowak I","lastName":"Nowak","firstName":"Izabela","initials":"I","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1113-9011"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Kroma-Szal A","lastName":"Kroma-Szal","firstName":"Anna","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0001-9344-2822"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland."}]}},{"fullName":"Pawlaczyk M","lastName":"Pawlaczyk","firstName":"Mariola","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1113-9011"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-6939-2888"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8947-9999"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9295-7349"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-1482-8274"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3106-064X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0001-9254-3728"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0001-9344-2822"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-3448-5517"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"16","volume":"27","journalIssueId":4244181,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Int J Mol Sci","title":"International journal of molecular sciences","essn":"1422-0067","issn":"1422-0067","nlmid":"101092791","isoabbreviation":"Int J Mol Sci"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"7205","abstractText":"Retinol, a bioactive small molecule of the vitamin A family, contributes epidermal and dermal tissue repair through retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation of keratinocyte differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and barrier restoration. However, the relationship between applied concentration, tissue-level regenerative outcomes, and tolerability remains incompletely characterized. This prospective, randomized, single-blind study compared biophysical effects and tolerance of two retinol concentrations in EU-compliant facial creams, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-verified as 0.104% and 0.247% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>). Thirty-eight women aged 40-61 years (Fitzpatrick phototypes II-III) participated across three independent sub-studies: 28 were randomized to either concentration for 12 weeks; 5 underwent split-face ultrasound imaging (0.247% versus retinol-free control) for 8 weeks; and 5 participated in a tape stripping sub-study quantifying stratum corneum interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) by ELISA before and after 6 weeks of 0.247% retinol treatment. Main cohort assessments included transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, melanin, erythema, pH, sebum, biomechanical parameters, and wrinkle grading. Both concentrations significantly improved barrier parameters-hydration, TEWL, brightness, pH, and sebum-with no inter-group differences. In the ultrasound sub-group, 0.247% retinol increased epidermal thickness (+12.4 μm), epidermal density (+3.84%), and dermal density (+1.81%) versus control, consistent with ECM reorganization and epidermal stratification. Biomechanical parameters showed no significant changes, consistent with retinol's remodeling timeline. Consumer assessment indicated comparable efficacy; 0.247% demonstrated superior smoothing but higher erythema incidence. In the tape stripping sub-study, IL-1α decreased in all participants (median: 25.1 → 13.2 picograms per tape [pg/Tape]; 5/5 concordant), while IL-1ra increased in 4/5 participants (median: 352.8 → 1403.1 picograms per three sequential tapes [pg/3sT]), indicating a directionally consistent shift in the IL-1α/IL-1ra balance; these results are exploratory and require replication in larger cohorts. These findings collectively support clinically meaningful barrier restoration and structural remodeling within current EU safety limits (Commission Regulation EU 2024/996), with 0.104% offering a favorable efficacy-to-tolerability profile for initial therapy.","affiliation":"Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases Prophylaxis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Randomized Controlled Trial","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Face"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Epidermis","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug 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J","lastName":"Sooriyaarachchi","firstName":"Jinani","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8135-2088"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Proulx C","lastName":"Proulx","firstName":"Catherine","initials":"C","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1776-2082"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Pecora L","lastName":"Pecora","firstName":"Linda","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Rivest-Hénault 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QC J4B 6Y4, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Fortin A","lastName":"Fortin","firstName":"Annie","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Jiang D","lastName":"Jiang","firstName":"Di","initials":"D","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1334-6444"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1334-6444"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1776-2082"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8135-2088"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"13","journalIssueId":4237354,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Bioengineering (Basel)","title":"Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)","essn":"2306-5354","issn":"2306-5354","nlmid":"101676056","isoabbreviation":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"919","abstractText":"Human skin tone is an important consideration in pulse oximetry and evaluating skin health conditions. Various tools are available to measure skin tone, including visual scales, palette based estimations, and optical sensor based devices. The objective of this experimental study is to compare common skin tone measurement methods. We used Fitzpatrick Skin Type (self- and observer-reported), Pantone SkinTone Guide, Delfin SkinColorCatch, and Nix Spectro 2 devices to measure the forehead skin tone of 52 participants. We compared measurements in L*a*b color space and in individual typology angles (ITA). We observed statistically significant correlation between methods, including in specific color space components (L* and ITA). Between the device measurements, we observed discrepancies in ITA values. Such discrepancies, together with a lack of standard or ground truth method, show a need for further research into skin tone measurement. We suggest in the interim that research and clinical work adopt protocols that take current methodological limitations into consideration, for example through the parallel use of different methods if applicable. Further work is needed to develop validated, reliable and consistent skin tone measurement tools.","affiliation":"Medical Devices Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, QC J4B 6Y4, Canada.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Ministère de l'Économie, de l'Innovation et de l'Énergie (MEIE), Government of Québec","grantId":"PSO","orderIn":0}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Colorimeter","Skin Tone","Fitzpatrick Skin Type","Individual Typology Angle","Melanin Index","Palette","Skin Tone Classification","Skin Hue","Skin Tone Measurement"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13080919"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13509542"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13509542?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-27","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-27","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-29","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-08-13","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-13","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-27","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-10","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42645066","source":"MED","pmid":"42645066","pmcid":"PMC13510516","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13510516"]},"doi":"10.3390/bios16080448","title":"AI-Ready Multimodal Wearable Biosensors Beyond Glucose: Biofluid Sampling, Sensor Fusion, and Clinical Translation.","authorString":"Kızılkurtlu AA, Akpek A.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Kızılkurtlu AA","lastName":"Kızılkurtlu","firstName":"Ahmet Akif","initials":"AA","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8694-259X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, 34403 Istanbul, Türkiye."}]}},{"fullName":"Akpek A","lastName":"Akpek","firstName":"Ali","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2803-6585"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, Türkiye."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8694-259X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2803-6585"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"16","journalIssueId":4249688,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Biosensors (Basel)","title":"Biosensors","essn":"2079-6374","issn":"2079-6374","nlmid":"101609191","isoabbreviation":"Biosensors (Basel)"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"448","abstractText":"Continuous glucose monitoring has established that a molecular signal can be repeatedly measured in daily life and translated into clinically meaningful action. The next frontier is broader: wearable biosensors that monitor metabolites, electrolytes, hormones, drugs, nutrients, inflammatory markers, and tissue-state indicators beyond glucose. This review proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-ready framework for multimodal wearable biochemical monitoring. We organize the field as a complete measurement chain that links biofluid access, sampling chronology, flexible biointerfaces, molecular recognition, signal conditioning, metadata capture, sensor fusion, clinical validation, and lifecycle governance. The central argument is that the clinically useful variable is rarely a raw current, potential, optical intensity, or spectrum; it is a quality-controlled, context-aware, and uncertainty-aware digital biomarker. We compare sweat, interstitial fluid, saliva, tears, wound exudate, and breath condensate; evaluate enzymatic, ion-selective, affinity, transistor, optical, and spectroscopic sensing strategies; synthesize representative high-impact studies; and define minimum metadata, validation metrics, and translation gates. The review highlights recurring gaps in biofluid validity, real-world robustness, reference-comparator alignment, subgroup evidence, and algorithmic governance. We conclude with practical design rules for converting flexible biochemical wearables from attractive prototypes into clinically credible intelligent biosensing systems.","affiliation":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, 34403 Istanbul, Türkiye.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Yıldız Technical University","grantId":"FBA-2024-6149","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Body Fluids"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Glucose"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Biosensing Techniques"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Wearable Electronic Devices"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Artificial intelligence","Microfluidics","Microneedles","Clinical Translation","Flexible Bioelectronics","Wearable Biosensors","Sweat Sensing","Continuous Biochemical Monitoring"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Glucose","registryNumber":"IY9XDZ35W2"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bios16080448"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13510516"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13510516?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-26","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-26","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-28","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-08-18","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-18","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-27","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-10","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42578529","source":"MED","pmid":"42578529","pmcid":"PMC13459198","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13459198"]},"doi":"10.1111/srt.70374","title":"Limitations of ITA for Skin Type Estimation Under Uncontrolled Imaging Conditions.","authorString":"Alipour N, Burke T, Courtney J.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Alipour N","lastName":"Alipour","firstName":"Neda","initials":"N","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."}]}},{"fullName":"Burke T","lastName":"Burke","firstName":"Ted","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."}]}},{"fullName":"Courtney J","lastName":"Courtney","firstName":"Jane","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"32","journalIssueId":4241918,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Skin Res Technol","title":"Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)","essn":"1600-0846","issn":"0909-752X","nlmid":"9504453","isoabbreviation":"Skin Res Technol"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e70374","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>Accurately assessing skin color diversity is essential for evaluating whether image datasets without explicit skin type labels are sufficiently diverse for training deep learning models. Traditional methods, such as the Fitzpatrick scale, categorize skin types into six discrete classes but may not fully capture the complexity of skin color and its interaction with light under varying conditions. Continuous and quantitative approaches have been proposed to better represent skin color variation, but their reliability under uncontrolled imaging conditions remains unclear.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>This study evaluated individual typology angle (ITA), an image-derived color or lightness metric commonly mapped to Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) categories. A dermatologist-labeled dataset (PAD-UFES-20) was used to analyze the performance of ITA. A skin patch image dataset was derived from PAD-UFES-20, and skin color features were extracted for evaluation.<h4>Results</h4>The results showed substantial overlap between ITA distributions across FST categories and poor agreement with dermatologist-assigned labels. Fixed-threshold ITA classification achieved 22.9% accuracy, below the majority-class baseline accuracy of 51.3%, and failed to correctly classify the darkest skin type (FST VI). Lighting variation, threshold misalignment, overlapping ITA distributions, and dataset imbalance contributed to unstable ITA behavior across skin types.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Under uncontrolled imaging conditions, fixed-threshold ITA did not provide reliable Fitzpatrick skin type classification and should not be interpreted as a validated skin type measurement method. These findings demonstrate that ITA is highly sensitive to lighting variation and does not reliably correspond to dermatologist-assigned FST labels. The results highlight the limitations of using ITA as a proxy for skin type assessment in image datasets.","affiliation":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"Science Foundation Ireland","acronym":"SFI_","grantId":"18/CRT/6222","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DG","qualifierName":"diagnostic imaging"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin Pigmentation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Reproducibility of Results"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Algorithms"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Deep Learning"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Fitzpatrick Skin Type","Ita","Lighting Variation","Skin Type Measurement"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.70374"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13459198"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13459198?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-11","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-11","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-01","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-13","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-09","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42574285","source":"MED","pmid":"42574285","doi":"10.1159/spp/aetag002","title":"Daily Photoprotection Mitigates Seasonal Skin Changes and Supports Skin Longevity: A 1-Year in vivo 3D Multiphoton Microscopy Study.","authorString":"Raynaud E, Lynch B, Ngo B, Rolland G, Victorin S, Dufour O, Bornschlögl T, Roudot A, Safouane M, Aguilar L, Brizion S, Baldeweck T, Pena AM.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Raynaud E","lastName":"Raynaud","firstName":"Edouard","initials":"E","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Bioclinical Research Center (CRB) of L'Oréal Advanced Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Lynch B","lastName":"Lynch","firstName":"Barbara","initials":"B","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Bioclinical Research Center (CRB) of L'Oréal Advanced Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France."},{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Ngo B","lastName":"Ngo","firstName":"Blandine","initials":"B","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Bioclinical Research Center (CRB) of L'Oréal Advanced Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France."},{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Rolland G","lastName":"Rolland","firstName":"Géraldine","initials":"G","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Bioclinical Research Center (CRB) of L'Oréal Advanced Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France, geraldine.rolland@loreal.com."},{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France, geraldine.rolland@loreal.com."}]}},{"fullName":"Victorin S","lastName":"Victorin","firstName":"Steeve","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Bioclinical Research Center (CRB) of L'Oréal Advanced Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France."},{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Dufour O","lastName":"Dufour","firstName":"Olivia","initials":"O","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Bornschlögl T","lastName":"Bornschlögl","firstName":"Thomas","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Roudot A","lastName":"Roudot","firstName":"Angelina","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Safouane M","lastName":"Safouane","firstName":"Mahassine","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Aguilar L","lastName":"Aguilar","firstName":"Luc","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Brizion S","lastName":"Brizion","firstName":"Sébastien","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Baldeweck T","lastName":"Baldeweck","firstName":"Thérèse","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Pena AM","lastName":"Pena","firstName":"Ana-Maria","initials":"AM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France, ana-maria.pena@loreal.com."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"journalIssueId":4242113,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol","title":"Skin pharmacology and physiology","essn":"1660-5535","issn":"1660-5527","nlmid":"101188418","isoabbreviation":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1","abstractText":"<h4>Introduction</h4>While the detrimental effects of intense sun exposure are well-recognized, the cumulative impact of daily moderate UV exposure remains less explored. This year-long study investigated the effects of seasonal variations on facial skin, aiming at highlighting subclinical skin changes using non-invasive in vivo multiphoton microscopy. We also explored the impact of applying daily a well-balanced photoprotection formula with enhanced UVA filtration.<h4>Methods</h4>Fifty-nine European descent women (aged 55-65, Fitzpatrick phototypes II or III), participated in this year long, real-life exposure study in Paris, France. Participants were randomized into two double-blind groups: one applying a daily broad-spectrum sun protection factor (SPF) /persistent pigment darkening (PPD) photoprotection product, the other applying the vehicle. In vivo assessments were conducted at four seasonal time points to measure the skin color and multiphoton parameters: melanin density and z-epidermal distribution, epidermal morphology, elastin, and fibrillar collagen densities in the papillary dermis (first 20 µm-thick dermal sublayer below the dermal-epidermal junction) and their combined 3D SAAID aging index, a marker of photoaging.<h4>Results</h4>The vehicle group exhibited a significant increase in skin color, melanin density, elastin density and a decrease in the 3D-SAAID aging index between winter and summer, reflecting seasonal UV impact. These changes were not observed in the photoprotected group.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This study provides in vivo evidence that real-life sun exposure, even under moderate conditions, can induce subclinical skin changes. Daily use of sunscreen with enhanced UVA protection mitigated these effects, highlighting the importance of consistent photoprotection in preventing long-term UV-induced clinical aging signs and supporting skin longevity.","affiliation":"Bioclinical Research Center (CRB) of L'Oréal Advanced Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.","publicationStatus":"aheadofprint","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Melanin","photoaging","Multiphoton Microscopy","Dermal Fibers","Daily Photoprotection"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/spp/aetag002"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"N","inPMC":"N","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"N","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-10","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-08","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-08-10","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-10","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-13","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42571480","source":"MED","pmid":"42571480","pmcid":"PMC13452404","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13452404"]},"doi":"10.1117/1.jbo.31.8.085001","title":"Pigmentation-dependent skin injury thresholds with nanosecond single-pulse laser exposure.","authorString":"Arroyo J, Zhang J, Tripathi M, Zhang J, Venkatayogi N, Enslein J, Lediju Bell MA.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Arroyo J","lastName":"Arroyo","firstName":"Junior","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1752-4754"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhang J","lastName":"Zhang","firstName":"Jiaxin","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-4514-925X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."}]}},{"fullName":"Tripathi M","lastName":"Tripathi","firstName":"Madhavi","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhang J","lastName":"Zhang","firstName":"Junhao","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0001-0552-6082"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."}]}},{"fullName":"Venkatayogi N","lastName":"Venkatayogi","firstName":"Nethra","initials":"N","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Computer Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."}]}},{"fullName":"Enslein J","lastName":"Enslein","firstName":"Jamie","initials":"J","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-9532-2527"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."}]}},{"fullName":"Lediju Bell MA","lastName":"Lediju Bell","firstName":"Muyinatu A","initials":"MA","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8394-4482"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."},{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."},{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Computer Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1752-4754"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8394-4482"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0001-0552-6082"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0004-9532-2527"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-4514-925X"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"31","journalIssueId":4236711,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Biomed Opt","title":"Journal of biomedical optics","essn":"1560-2281","issn":"1083-3668","nlmid":"9605853","isoabbreviation":"J Biomed Opt"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"085001","abstractText":"<h4>Significance</h4>Maximum permissible exposure limits defined in ANSI Z136.1 are broadly protective, but they do not explicitly account for pigmentation differences in skin. As a result, the lack of experimental data quantifying the effect of pigmentation on injury thresholds constrains accurate interpretation when melanin is a primary optical absorber, which has direct implications for the performance of optics-based imaging methods.<h4>Aim</h4>We experimentally determined the pigmentation-dependent laser exposure dose that produces a visible injury in 50% of exposed sites (i.e., ED50 injury thresholds) with nanosecond, 750-nm-wavelength pulses, and we provide the first known quantification of relationships between melanin index (MI) and individual typology angle (ITA) or erythema index (EI) through colorimetric measurements.<h4>Approach</h4>Fifty total abdominal skin sites per swine were identified on three swine with different pigmentation phenotypes (median ITA values per swine ranged -18° to 87°). Single-laser pulses with 5-ns pulse duration, 750-nm-wavelength, and energies of 35, 40, 50, 60, and 65 mJ per pulse were delivered to 10 sites per energy level per swine. Laser-exposed sites were visually assessed at early post-exposure intervals, followed by colorimeter measurements of MI, ITA, and EI. Probit regression analysis was used to compute the ED50 thresholds, followed by a polynomial regression analysis conducted to relate ITA to MI and EI to MI.<h4>Results</h4>Dark-skinned swine ( median ITA=-18° ) exhibited a 27.7% lower ED50 ( 323.94  mJ/cm2 ) than light-skinned swine ( median ITA=69.5° , ED50=448.36  mJ/cm2 ), which is consistent with increased melanin-mediated absorption in the darker-skinned swine. The lightest-skin swine ( median ITA=87° ) did not develop visible erythema within the tested exposure range, preventing ED50 estimation. Mathematical MI-ITA and MI-EI relationships revealed pigmentation-dependent optical and inflammatory responses across the three swine.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The measured differences in ED50 values quantify the impact of skin pigmentation on laser-induced injury risk and demonstrate that darker skin has greater susceptibility to damage with the investigated laser parameters, relative to lighter skin. This foundational work addresses a previously uncharacterized source of biological variability that is relevant for the interpretation of laser safety margins and the design and evaluation of optics-based systems.","affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"NIBIB NIH HHS","acronym":"EB","grantId":"R01 EB032358","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"IN","qualifierName":"injuries"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"RE","qualifierName":"radiation effects"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Animals"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Swine"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Erythema","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"ET","qualifierName":"etiology"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Melanins"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin Pigmentation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PH","qualifierName":"physiology"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"RE","qualifierName":"radiation effects"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Colorimetry"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Lasers","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"AE","qualifierName":"adverse effects"}]}}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Pigmentation","Laser-tissue Interaction","Laser Safety","Individual Typology Angle","Skin Injury Threshold"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Melanins","registryNumber":"0"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.31.8.085001"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13452404"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13452404?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-09","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-09","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-26","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-08-08","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-08","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-13","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-09","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42570980","source":"MED","pmid":"42570980","pmcid":"PMC13452802","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13452802"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-65514-4","title":"Do not smile when acquiring consumer selfies for multi-attribute skin profiling and baseline deep learning evaluation.","authorString":"Hartmann D, Müller D, Auer F, Lehner GM, Gockeln L, Rottenkolber A, Duttler G, Welzel J, Kramer F.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Hartmann D","lastName":"Hartmann","firstName":"Dennis","initials":"D","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IT-Infrastructure for Translational Medical Research, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. Dennis.Hartmann@informatik.uni-augsburg.de."}]}},{"fullName":"Müller D","lastName":"Müller","firstName":"Dominik","initials":"D","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IT-Infrastructure for Translational Medical Research, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Auer F","lastName":"Auer","firstName":"Florian","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IT-Infrastructure for Translational Medical Research, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Lehner GM","lastName":"Lehner","firstName":"Gabriele Marie","initials":"GM","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Gockeln L","lastName":"Gockeln","firstName":"Laura","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Rottenkolber A","lastName":"Rottenkolber","firstName":"Anna","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Grandel the Beautyness Company, Augsburg, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Duttler G","lastName":"Duttler","firstName":"Gabriel","initials":"G","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Grandel the Beautyness Company, Augsburg, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Welzel J","lastName":"Welzel","firstName":"Julia","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany."}]}},{"fullName":"Kramer F","lastName":"Kramer","firstName":"Frank","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"IT-Infrastructure for Translational Medical Research, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"1","volume":"16","journalIssueId":4236079,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Sci Rep","title":"Scientific reports","essn":"2045-2322","issn":"2045-2322","nlmid":"101563288","isoabbreviation":"Sci Rep"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"24546","abstractText":"The increasing demand for personalized skincare solutions highlights a significant gap: many consumers struggle to find suitable products without professional guidance. While the commercial potential for tailored product recommendations is vast, a key challenge remains the lack of effective methods for skin profiling via image classification. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a comprehensive benchmark dataset of 3203 standardized facial consumer selfies, annotated across eight primary cosmetic skin features. We establish a transparent baseline evaluation utilizing the open-source medical image classification framework AUCMEDI. A variety of deep learning architectures were trained to recognize and classify various skin features, including sagging skin, wrinkles, under-eye circles, redness, shine, pigment spots, acne, and pore size. The baseline model's performance was evaluated using the mean absolute error (e), which appropriately accounts for the ordinal distance in cosmetic grading. Utilizing standard deep learning architectures, the baseline benchmark established promising performance in structural categories like sagging skin ([Formula: see text]) and wrinkles ([Formula: see text]). While achieving satisfactory results for under-eye circles ([Formula: see text]), redness ([Formula: see text]), and shine ([Formula: see text]), the baseline models encountered significant architectural limitations when resolving highly localized or imbalanced features such as acne ([Formula: see text]), pore size ([Formula: see text]), and pigment spots ([Formula: see text]), the latter three underperforming a trivial constant-mean predictor.","affiliation":"IT-Infrastructure for Translational Medical Research, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. Dennis.Hartmann@informatik.uni-augsburg.de.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","research-article","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Face"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DG","qualifierName":"diagnostic imaging"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Cosmetics"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Smiling"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin Aging"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Deep Learning"}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Medical Image Analysis","Biomedical Image Classification"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Cosmetics","registryNumber":"0"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-65514-4"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13452802"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13452802?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-08","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-08","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-08-08","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-08","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-13","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-09","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42552380","source":"MED","pmid":"42552380","pmcid":"PMC13472954","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13472954"]},"doi":"10.1038/s41591-026-04553-w","title":"Divergent impacts of explainable AI for dermatological diagnosis on clinicians versus lay people.","authorString":"Xu X', Hu H, Zhang H, Wang WK, Wang R, Soenksen LR, Badri O, Jafry S, Burger E, Nwandu L, Mehta A, Duhaime EP, Qasim A, Lin H, Pereira JK, Hershon J, Mui P, Gru AA, Elhadad N, Mamykina L, Groh M, Tschandl P, Daneshjou R, Ghassemi M.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Xu X'","lastName":"Xu","firstName":"Xuhai 'Orson'","initials":"X'","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5930-3899"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. xx2489@cumc.columbia.edu."}]}},{"fullName":"Hu H","lastName":"Hu","firstName":"Haoyu","initials":"H","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2290-9333"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Zhang H","lastName":"Zhang","firstName":"Haoran","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang WK","lastName":"Wang","firstName":"Will Ke","initials":"WK","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Wang R","lastName":"Wang","firstName":"Reina","initials":"R","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Soenksen LR","lastName":"Soenksen","firstName":"Luis R","initials":"LR","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7890-7209"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."},{"affiliation":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Badri O","lastName":"Badri","firstName":"Omar","initials":"O","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2662-472X"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Northeast Dermatology Associates, Beverly, MA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Jafry S","lastName":"Jafry","firstName":"Sheharbano","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Burger E","lastName":"Burger","firstName":"Elise","initials":"E","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-4309-7725"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Nwandu L","lastName":"Nwandu","firstName":"Lotanna","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"OSF HealthCare, Peoria, IL, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Mehta A","lastName":"Mehta","firstName":"Apoorva","initials":"A","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2227-0215"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Duhaime EP","lastName":"Duhaime","firstName":"Erik P","initials":"EP","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8026-4206"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Centaur.AI, Boston, MA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Qasim A","lastName":"Qasim","firstName":"Asif","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"MedShr, London, UK."}]}},{"fullName":"Lin H","lastName":"Lin","firstName":"Hause","initials":"H","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Pereira JK","lastName":"Pereira","firstName":"Janis Karleen","initials":"JK","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-6341-2736"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"MedShr, London, UK."}]}},{"fullName":"Hershon J","lastName":"Hershon","firstName":"Jonathan","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Pathway, Montréal, Québec, Canada."}]}},{"fullName":"Mui P","lastName":"Mui","firstName":"Paulius","initials":"P","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"X=Primary Care, Cambridge, MA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Gru AA","lastName":"Gru","firstName":"Alejandro A","initials":"AA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Elhadad N","lastName":"Elhadad","firstName":"Noémie","initials":"N","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Mamykina L","lastName":"Mamykina","firstName":"Lena","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Groh M","lastName":"Groh","firstName":"Matthew","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Tschandl P","lastName":"Tschandl","firstName":"Philipp","initials":"P","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-0391-7810"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}]}},{"fullName":"Daneshjou R","lastName":"Daneshjou","firstName":"Roxana","initials":"R","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7988-9356"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Ghassemi M","lastName":"Ghassemi","firstName":"Marzyeh","initials":"M","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-6349-7251"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. mghassem@mit.edu."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-5930-3899"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-6349-7251"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7890-7209"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-7988-9356"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8026-4206"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2290-9333"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-4309-7725"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-0391-7810"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2227-0215"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2662-472X"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0009-0005-6341-2736"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"32","journalIssueId":4243425,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Nat Med","title":"Nature medicine","essn":"1546-170X","issn":"1078-8956","nlmid":"9502015","isoabbreviation":"Nat Med"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"3000-3009","abstractText":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly permeating healthcare, from serving as a physician assistant to powering consumer applications. The opacity of AI algorithms makes the ability of humans to interact with AI algorithms challenging. To overcome this limitation, explainable AI (XAI) provides insight into AI decision-making, but evidence suggests that XAI can paradoxically induce bias in the human decision-making process. Here we present results from two large-scale experiments, involving 623 lay people and 153 primary care physicians (PCPs), respectively, in which a fairness-based AI model for dermatological diagnoses and different XAI-based explanations were combined to examine how XAI assistance, particularly multimodal large language models (LLMs), influences diagnostic performance. With fairness-constrained model training, assistance from an AI model that achieved balanced performance across skin tones improved final diagnostic accuracy and reduced skin-tone-related performance disparities among both lay people and PCPs. In this setting, LLM explanations yielded divergent effects: lay users showed higher automation bias-accuracy was boosted when the diagnoses provided by the AI model were correct but was reduced when the model erred-whereas experienced PCPs remained resilient, benefiting irrespective of the AI model's accuracy. In addition, presenting the AI model's diagnosis before human decision-making may lead to stronger anchoring bias. These findings highlight XAI's varying impacts based on human expertise and the timing of when the AI-based prediction is provided, underscoring the concept that LLMs can act as a 'double-edged sword' in medical AI and informing future human-AI collaborative system design.","affiliation":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. xx2489@cumc.columbia.edu.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"grantsList":{"grant":[{"agency":"NIA NIH HHS","acronym":"AG","grantId":"P30 AG012810","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","grantId":"P30AG012810","orderIn":0},{"agency":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","grantId":"2339381","orderIn":0}]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin Diseases","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DI","qualifierName":"diagnosis"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Decision Making"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Dermatology","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Algorithms"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Adult"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Middle Aged"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Female"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Male"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Physicians, Primary Care"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Large Language Models"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04553-w"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13472954"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13472954?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by-nc-nd","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-14","dateOfCreation":"2026-08-05","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-16","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-08-04","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-04","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-05","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-09","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42535514","source":"MED","pmid":"42535514","pmcid":"PMC13425673","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13425673"]},"doi":"10.1111/jdv.70465","title":"Diagnosing skin conditions in patients with skin of colour: Is colour the only challenge?","authorString":"Scala E, Gkini MA.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Scala E","lastName":"Scala","firstName":"Emanuele","initials":"E","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-6848-3262"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy."}]}},{"fullName":"Gkini MA","lastName":"Gkini","firstName":"Maria Angeliki","initials":"MA","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0070-1945"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-6848-3262"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-0070-1945"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"40","journalIssueId":4235817,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV","essn":"1468-3083","issn":"0926-9959","nlmid":"9216037","isoabbreviation":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"1304-1305","affiliation":"Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Editorial"]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.70465"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13425673"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13425673?pdf=render"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.70465"}]},"isOpenAccess":"N","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"N","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"N","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCreation":"2026-07-31","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","firstPublicationDate":"2026-08-01","firstIndexDate":"2026-08-02","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-04","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42322531","source":"MED","pmid":"42322531","pmcid":"PMC13493717","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13493717"]},"doi":"10.1007/s13555-026-01832-9","title":"Predicting Age-Related Facial Hyperpigmentation via Dermatologist Knowledge Elicitation and Generative Modeling.","authorString":"Raynaud E, Bertrand L, Flament F, Bourland J, Tancrède-Bohin E, Li T, Jouni H.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Raynaud E","lastName":"Raynaud","firstName":"Edouard","initials":"E","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-4253-5439"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Bioclinical Research Center (CRB) of L'Oréal Advanced Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France."},{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Bertrand L","lastName":"Bertrand","firstName":"Laudine","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Flament F","lastName":"Flament","firstName":"Frederic","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Bourland J","lastName":"Bourland","firstName":"Jennifer","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Tancrède-Bohin E","lastName":"Tancrède-Bohin","firstName":"Emmanuelle","initials":"E","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Dermatology Department, St Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris, France."},{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Li T","lastName":"Li","firstName":"Tao","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France."}]}},{"fullName":"Jouni H","lastName":"Jouni","firstName":"Hussein","initials":"H","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-4641-3161"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France. hussein.jouni@loreal.com."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-4253-5439"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-4641-3161"}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"16","journalIssueId":4246385,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)","title":"Dermatology and therapy","essn":"1476-5829","issn":"2193-8210","nlmid":"101590450","isoabbreviation":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"4181-4189","abstractText":"<h4>Introduction</h4>Facial hyperpigmentation is a primary marker of skin aging in Asian populations. While many artificial intelligence (AI)-based aging simulators exist on social media, they often lack scientific transparency and dermatological validation. This study introduces and validates a novel facial aging simulator specifically engineered to provide personalized, evidence-based predictions of pigmentary spot progression according to varying levels of ultraviolet (UV) exposure and photoprotection.<h4>Methods</h4>The simulator utilizes a dual-tool framework: Elicitation Based Aging Simulator (EBAS) and AgingMapGAN (AMGAN). EBAS leverages the collective expertise of 28 dermatologists via a structured Delphi process and causal Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) to model skin aging trajectories. AMGAN, a conditional generative adversarial network, provides high-resolution visual representations of these trajectories. The model was trained on a standardized dataset of 600 individuals and focused on the density of pigmentary spots (DPS) on the cheek. Model performance was benchmarked against expert clinical grading using correlation metrics.<h4>Results</h4>The simulator demonstrated high accuracy in replicating expert logic (Pearson's correlation 0.96). In a case study of a 38-year-old female of Chinese descent, the model predicted the 15-year probability of a clinically significant progression (a two-grade increase in DPS). In the absence of photoprotection, the probability of reaching this elevated grade by age 53 was 71.35%, whereas regular daily application of SPF 50+ sunscreen reduced this probability to 39.24%.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This framework represents the application of a scientifically validated image-generation tool for predicting age-related hyperpigmentation based on individual exposome factors. By integrating dermatological knowledge, this simulator provides a robust educational and research resource for personalized skincare strategies. The findings confirm that consistent photoprotection significantly mitigates the 15-year trajectory of premature facial aging, offering a scientifically validated foundation for public health communication on prevention.","affiliation":"Bioclinical Research Center (CRB) of L'Oréal Advanced Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["brief-report","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Artificial intelligence","Photoprotection","Elicitation","Skin Aging","Predictive model","SKin","AI","Solar Lentigo","Facial Hyperpigmentation"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-026-01832-9"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13493717"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13493717?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by-nc","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"N","dateOfCompletion":"2026-08-21","dateOfCreation":"2026-06-20","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-23","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-06-20","firstPublicationDate":"2026-06-20","firstIndexDate":"2026-06-22","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-10","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"41875017","source":"MED","pmid":"41875017","doi":"10.1519/jsc.0000000000005433","title":"Validity and Reliability of an AI-Based Jump Height App vs. Infrared Contact Mat: Minimal Influence of Skin Pigmentation Under Standardized Lighting.","authorString":"Ríos-Gallardo PT, Carranza-García LE, Dietze-Hermosa M, Gonzalez MP, Balsalobre-Fernández C, Dorgo S, Montalvo S.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Ríos-Gallardo PT","lastName":"Ríos-Gallardo","firstName":"Pablo Tadeo","initials":"PT","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3240-1277"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Sport Organization, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico."}]}},{"fullName":"Carranza-García LE","lastName":"Carranza-García","firstName":"Luis Enrique","initials":"LE","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Sport Organization, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico."}]}},{"fullName":"Dietze-Hermosa M","lastName":"Dietze-Hermosa","firstName":"Martin","initials":"M","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Human Performance and Recreation, Brigham Young University Idaho, Rexburg, Idaho."}]}},{"fullName":"Gonzalez MP","lastName":"Gonzalez","firstName":"Matthew P","initials":"MP","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas."}]}},{"fullName":"Balsalobre-Fernández C","lastName":"Balsalobre-Fernández","firstName":"Carlos","initials":"C","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Applied Biomechanics and Sports Technology Research Group, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and."}]}},{"fullName":"Dorgo S","lastName":"Dorgo","firstName":"Sandor","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas."}]}},{"fullName":"Montalvo S","lastName":"Montalvo","firstName":"Samuel","initials":"S","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3104-3428"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-3240-1277"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-3104-3428"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["altmetrics"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"8","volume":"40","journalIssueId":4232254,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Aug","monthOfPublication":8,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Strength Cond Res","title":"Journal of strength and conditioning research","essn":"1533-4287","issn":"1064-8011","nlmid":"9415084","isoabbreviation":"J Strength Cond Res"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-08-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e792-e804","abstractText":"<h4>Abstract</h4>Ríos-Gallardo, PT, Carranza-García, LE, Dietze-Hermosa, M, Gonzalez, MP, Balsalobre-Fernández, C, Dorgo, S, and Montalvo, S. Validity and reliability of an AI-based jump height app vs. infrared contact mat: minimal influence of skin pigmentation under standardized lighting. J Strength Cond Res 40(8): e792-e804, 2026-This study examined the validity, reliability, and visual robustness of an artificial intelligence-based mobile application (My Jump Lab) for measuring countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) height across a heterogeneous athletic population. A dual-session, test-retest design was implemented with 43 recreationally active adults (age: 21.2 ± 2.4 years), who performed 3 maximal-effort SJ and CMJ trials per session. Jump height was concurrently recorded using a force platform and the AI-based app. Validity was assessed through linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses, and reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). A linear mixed-effects model tested whether body dimensions, lighting conditions, or skin pigmentation influenced AI accuracy. The AI systematically overestimated jump height (bias = +2.81 cm, p < 0.001), yet showed excellent concurrent validity ( R2 = 0.94), strong within-session reliability (ICC = 0.97; CV = 4.2%), and good between-session reliability (ICC = 0.89). Countermovement jump values were more consistent than SJ. No significant effects were observed for lighting or pigmentation ( p > 0.05). Although absolute error was higher in SJ, AI-based estimates remained stable across conditions. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. In conclusion, the AI-based app provides a valid and reliable alternative for field-based jump assessment. However, practitioners should interpret absolute values cautiously, especially for SJ. These findings support the utility of computer vision and AI to democratize biomechanical assessments without sacrificing measurement quality.","affiliation":"School of Sport Organization, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["Validation Study","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Exercise Test","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"IS","qualifierName":"instrumentation"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"MT","qualifierName":"methods"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin Pigmentation"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Reproducibility of Results"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Lighting"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Infrared Rays"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Artificial 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F.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Aloraini K","lastName":"Aloraini","firstName":"Khawlah","initials":"K","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Medicine, evercare, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]}},{"fullName":"Alangari A","lastName":"Alangari","firstName":"Abdulrahman","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Medicine, evercare, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]}},{"fullName":"Arif J","lastName":"Arif","firstName":"Jamal","initials":"J","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia"}]}},{"fullName":"Alkhodairy F","lastName":"Alkhodairy","firstName":"Fahad","initials":"F","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Research & Development, evercare, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"7","volume":"19","journalIssueId":4265477,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Med Life","title":"Journal of medicine and life","essn":"1844-3117","issn":"1844-122X","nlmid":"101477617","isoabbreviation":"J Med Life"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"511-523","language":"eng","pubModel":"Undetermined","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Vitamin C","Glutathione","Melanin","Intravenous","Skin Lightening","Skin Depigmentation","Oral Gsh","Topical Gsh"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"PubMedCentral","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580517/?tool=EBI"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"PubMedCentral","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580517/pdf/?tool=EBI"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13580517"},{"availability":"Free","availabilityCode":"F","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13580517?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"N","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCreation":"2026-09-17","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-18","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-07-01","firstPublicationDate":"2026-07-01","firstIndexDate":"2026-09-17","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-17","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42689292","source":"MED","pmid":"42689292","pmcid":"PMC13537800","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13537800"]},"doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_320_25","title":"Nanostructured lipid carrier system encapsulating bergamot essential oil within an ionic gel-virgin coconut oil matrix: A promising approach for skin health care.","authorString":"Suryani A, Ahmad R, Safitri T, Chabib L, Kartika ER.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Suryani A","lastName":"Suryani","firstName":"Arman","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia."},{"affiliation":"Professional Pharmacist Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia."}]}},{"fullName":"Ahmad R","lastName":"Ahmad","firstName":"Rofi'uddin","initials":"R","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia."}]}},{"fullName":"Safitri T","lastName":"Safitri","firstName":"Tiaz","initials":"T","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Professional Pharmacist Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia."}]}},{"fullName":"Chabib L","lastName":"Chabib","firstName":"Lutfi","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Indonesian Islamic University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia."}]}},{"fullName":"Kartika ER","lastName":"Kartika","firstName":"Erza Ridha","initials":"ER","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia."}]}}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"3","volume":"17","journalIssueId":4254827,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul-Sep","monthOfPublication":0,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res","title":"Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research","essn":"0976-2094","issn":"2231-4040","nlmid":"101537797","isoabbreviation":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"260-267","abstractText":"Skin aging is a biological process, characterized by wrinkle formation, loss of elasticity, and decreased hydration. It is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including ultraviolet (UV) exposure, pollution, and oxidative stress. This study developed a topical formulation combining bergamot essential oil (EOBs) and virgin coconut oil within an ionic gel system, encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), aiming to provide anti-aging, moisturizing, and UV-protective benefits. The GEOBs-VNLCs ionic gel formulation was prepared using a gelation method that combined sonication with dropwise stirring, followed by encapsulation within an NLC matrix via heating and homogenization, involving the formation of lipid and aqueous phases. The GEOBs-VNLCs formulation exhibited an average particle size of 140 ± 1.79 nm, low polydispersity (0.24 ± 0.02), negative zeta potential (-31.93 ± 1.17 mV), skin-compatible pH (5.13 ± 0.12), and high encapsulation efficiency (69.20 ± 0.57%), indicating good physicochemical stability for topical application. The formulation demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration 7.39 μg/mL; 0.288 mg AAE/g dw), negligible improvement in skin hydration (<i>P</i> > 0.05), and low photoprotective performance (sun protection factor 8.12; PA+). The GEOBs-VNLCs formulation shows potential as a multifunctional, natural-based skincare system with antioxidant, moisturizing, and mild photoprotective properties.","affiliation":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, Indonesia.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print-Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Antioxidants","Essential oil","Nanostructured Lipid Carrier","Moisturizers","Ionic Gel","Ultraviolet B/ultraviolet A"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_320_25"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13537800"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13537800?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by-nc-sa","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-09-03","dateOfCreation":"2026-09-03","dateOfRevision":"2026-09-04","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-08-12","firstPublicationDate":"2026-07-01","firstIndexDate":"2026-09-04","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-11","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42668981","source":"MED","pmid":"42668981","pmcid":"PMC13525783","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13525783"]},"doi":"10.7759/cureus.113666","title":"Beyond Melanin: A Literature Review of Photoprotection Mechanisms and Gaps in Skin of Color.","authorString":"Leybengrub P, Eyob W, Petrossian L, Shetty S, Scott BA, Kebbe MB, Vo K.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Leybengrub P","lastName":"Leybengrub","firstName":"Pamella","initials":"P","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Eyob W","lastName":"Eyob","firstName":"Wintana","initials":"W","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Petrossian L","lastName":"Petrossian","firstName":"Lina","initials":"L","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Shetty S","lastName":"Shetty","firstName":"Saumya","initials":"S","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, USA."}]}},{"fullName":"Scott BA","lastName":"Scott","firstName":"Berkeley A","initials":"BA","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, IRL."}]}},{"fullName":"Kebbe MB","lastName":"Kebbe","firstName":"Mohamad Bilal","initials":"MB","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, TUR."}]}},{"fullName":"Vo K","lastName":"Vo","firstName":"Karen","initials":"K","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Transitional Year Residency Program, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA."}]}}]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"7","volume":"18","journalIssueId":4224864,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Cureus","title":"Cureus","essn":"2168-8184","issn":"2168-8184","nlmid":"101596737","isoabbreviation":"Cureus"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e113666","abstractText":"There is a critical need for tailored photoprotection in skin of color (SOC) populations. SOC has higher eumelanin-to-phenomelanin ratios, more mature melanosomes, and enhanced DNA repair capacity compared with lighter skin. The quantity and distribution of melanin in darker skin provide natural photoprotection. This leads to a misconception that SOC populations are inherently protected from all photodamage and serves as a barrier to proper photoprotection for these populations. Although the skin cancer incidence is lower in dark skin, mortality is higher, perhaps as a result of late diagnosis or misdiagnosis. These populations are still susceptible to skin damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, resulting in exacerbation of various dermatologic conditions, including pigmentation disorders, photodermatoses, and skin cancer. This review aims to comprehensively examine the photoprotection needs for SOC populations, addressing gaps between physiological characteristics and clinical outcomes, evaluating current photoprotection practices, examining educational implications, and considering future directions for photoprotection for SOC. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was conducted from database inception through July 15, 2026. Articles were included if they addressed photoprotection, photodamage, photoaging, pigmentary disorders, photodermatoses, or skin cancer in SOC populations. Visible light (VL) and long-wave UVA1 are significant contributors to pigmentary alteration in SOC. The major drivers of pigmentation in SOC and photodamage can manifest as pigmentary disorders, particularly melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), photoaging, photodermatoses, and skin cancer risk. Comprehensive photoprotection strategies for individuals with SOC include behavioral sun avoidance measures, sun-protective clothing, avoiding harmful behaviors, and community-based education programs. Sunscreen formulations for SOC should be tailored to skin phototype (SPT), with an SPF of 30 and broad protection that covers UVA, VL, and infrared A to limit hyperpigmentation and photoaging. Iron oxide-containing sunscreens provide VL protection and reduce white cast. Niacinamide-containing sunscreens are helpful for reducing PIH. Since UV and VL generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promote inflammation and persistent PIH, antioxidants in sunscreen are important in SOC to neutralize this damage and support DNA repair. Comprehensive photoprotection is essential for SOC populations. SOC individuals face unique manifestations of photodamage. Effective photoprotection in SOC requires extension beyond traditional UVB protection to meet the specific needs of SOC. Additionally, targeted education, community engagement, and barriers to care need to be addressed to improve outcomes. It is important for the dermatology community to commit to inclusivity and advocate for equitable access to photoprotection resources for all.","affiliation":"Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic-eCollection","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Photoprotection","photoaging","Health Disparities","Sunscreen","Visible Light","Skin Of Color","Pigmentary Disorders"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.113666"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13525783"},{"availability":"Open 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Dynamics.","authorString":"Gilou SC, Tagka A, Lambrou GI, Papanastasiou E, Matsopoulos GK, Bamidis PD.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Gilou SC","lastName":"Gilou","firstName":"Sotiria C","initials":"SC","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Lab of Medical Physics & Digital Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece."}]}},{"fullName":"Tagka A","lastName":"Tagka","firstName":"Anna","initials":"A","authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"First Department of Dermatology and Venereology, \"Andreas Syggros\" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 5 Ionos Dragoumi St., 11621 Athens, Greece."}]}},{"fullName":"Lambrou GI","lastName":"Lambrou","firstName":"George I","initials":"GI","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8389-1360"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece."},{"affiliation":"University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8 Str., 11527 Athens, Greece."},{"affiliation":"Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytecnheiou 9 Str., Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece."}]}},{"fullName":"Papanastasiou E","lastName":"Papanastasiou","firstName":"Emmanouil","initials":"E","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8497-6849"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Lab of Medical Physics & Digital Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece."}]}},{"fullName":"Matsopoulos GK","lastName":"Matsopoulos","firstName":"George K","initials":"GK","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2600-9914"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytecnheiou 9 Str., Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece."}]}},{"fullName":"Bamidis PD","lastName":"Bamidis","firstName":"Panagiotis D","initials":"PD","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9936-5805"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Lab of Medical Physics & Digital Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8389-1360"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-2600-9914"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-8497-6849"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9936-5805"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"7","volume":"13","journalIssueId":4234398,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Bioengineering (Basel)","title":"Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)","essn":"2306-5354","issn":"2306-5354","nlmid":"101676056","isoabbreviation":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"818","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), yet its interpretation relies on subjective scoring and remains prone to inter-observer variability.<h4>Aim</h4>In this study, we present a machine learning pipeline that complements subjective scoring with objective bioengineering measurements derived from the Antera 3D imaging system.<h4>Methods</h4>A dataset of skin reactions was analyzed, with particular attention to how the data was split to avoid information leakage between patients. For this reason, methods such as GroupShuffleSplit and GroupKFold, which account for patient-level clustering, were used.<h4>Results</h4>Of the models tested, the Random Forest classifier showed the best overall performance, with an AUC of 0.861 (95% CI: 0.830-0.888) on patient data that had not been used during training, outperforming the Multi-Layer Perceptron model. The incorporation of additional features that capture changes between 48 and 72 h improved the results even further, raising the AUC to 0.902 and achieving a very high sensitivity of 96.8%.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Overall, the results show that objective biophysical measurements derived from the Antera 3D imaging system can be combined with machine-learning techniques for objective patch-test assessment. Incorporating temporal changes between the 48- and 72-h readings further improved model performance, suggesting that temporal changes provide additional information beyond single-time-point measurements.","affiliation":"Lab of Medical Physics & Digital Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.","publicationStatus":"epublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Electronic","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["research-article","Journal Article"]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Allergic Contact Dermatitis","Machine Learning","Random Forest","Patch Testing","Temporal Changes","Antera 3D Imaging"]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13070818"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13404982"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13404982?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":0,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"Y","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-07-29","dateOfCreation":"2026-07-28","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","electronicPublicationDate":"2026-07-16","firstPublicationDate":"2026-07-16","firstIndexDate":"2026-07-30","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-04","hasEvaluations":"N"},{"id":"42501345","source":"MED","pmid":"42501345","pmcid":"PMC13401449","fullTextIdList":{"fullTextId":["PMC13401449"]},"doi":"10.1111/phpp.70112","title":"Beyond Tint: Active Ingredient Strategies for Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation due to Visible Light in Skin of Color.","authorString":"Visser WI, Moola H, Kannenberg S, Tod B, Lim HW.","authorList":{"author":[{"fullName":"Visser WI","lastName":"Visser","firstName":"Willem Izak","initials":"WI","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2701-4632"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."},{"affiliation":"Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa."}]}},{"fullName":"Moola H","lastName":"Moola","firstName":"Husna","initials":"H","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-6219-5515"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."},{"affiliation":"Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa."}]}},{"fullName":"Kannenberg S","lastName":"Kannenberg","firstName":"Susanna","initials":"S","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9881-1631"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."},{"affiliation":"Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa."}]}},{"fullName":"Tod B","lastName":"Tod","firstName":"Bianca","initials":"B","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8204-8478"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa."}]}},{"fullName":"Lim HW","lastName":"Lim","firstName":"Henry W","initials":"HW","authorId":{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1576-1115"},"authorAffiliationDetailsList":{"authorAffiliation":[{"affiliation":"Division of Photobiology and Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA."},{"affiliation":"Department of Dermatology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA."}]}}]},"authorIdList":{"authorId":[{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0001-8204-8478"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-1576-1115"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-6219-5515"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0002-9881-1631"},{"type":"ORCID","value":"0000-0003-2701-4632"}]},"dataLinksTagsList":{"dataLinkstag":["supporting_data"]},"journalInfo":{"issue":"4","volume":"42","journalIssueId":4203554,"dateOfPublication":"2026 Jul","monthOfPublication":7,"yearOfPublication":2026,"journal":{"medlineAbbreviation":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed","title":"Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine","essn":"1600-0781","issn":"0905-4383","nlmid":"9013641","isoabbreviation":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},"printPublicationDate":"2026-07-01"},"pubYear":"2026","pageInfo":"e70112","abstractText":"<h4>Background</h4>Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is among the most burdensome sequelae of inflammatory dermatoses in skin of color (SOC), and reduction of visible pigmentation represents the primary clinical outcome of interest. Tinted sunscreens containing iron oxides and/or pigmentary titanium dioxide are currently the best-evidenced strategy for preventing visible light-driven PIH in SOC. However, cosmetic unacceptability-including white cast, poor shade match, and texture incompatibility with acne-prone skin-significantly limits real-world adherence. This concept paper proposes a clinical reframing: when pigment-based visible light filters are not tolerated, pigmentation reduction may be achievable through proactive topical actives with direct anti-pigmentation activity.<h4>Methods</h4>This commentary synthesizes the mechanistic and clinical literature on high-energy visible light (HEVL)-driven pigmentation in SOC, with particular focus on the opsin-3-MITF-melanogenesis axis and topical actives with demonstrated anti-pigmentation activity against HEVL-induced melanogenesis. Evidence is presented to support a proposed clinical reframing and pragmatic algorithm.<h4>Results</h4>HEVL activates opsin-3 on melanocytes, upregulating MITF and promoting formation of stable, autophagy-resistant melanosomes-a mechanism distinct from UVA-driven photooxidation and particularly relevant in darker phototypes. Four prototypical actives with direct clinical or preclinical evidence against HEVL-induced pigmentation are reviewed.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Pigmentation reduction-rather than the mechanism by which it is achieved-should be recognized as the primary clinical endpoint in photoprotection for PIH in SOC. When pigment-based visible light filters containing iron oxides and/or pigmentary titanium dioxide are cosmetically unacceptable, a strategy combining broad-spectrum UVA1 photoprotection with a topical active with anti-pigmentation activity represents a rational, evidence-informed alternative that keeps the clinical goal firmly in focus.","affiliation":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.","publicationStatus":"ppublish","language":"eng","pubModel":"Print","pubTypeList":{"pubType":["review-article","Review","Journal Article"]},"meshHeadingList":{"meshHeading":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Animals"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Humans"},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Hyperpigmentation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DT","qualifierName":"drug therapy"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"ET","qualifierName":"etiology"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"ME","qualifierName":"metabolism"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PA","qualifierName":"pathology"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"PC","qualifierName":"prevention & control"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Inflammation"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","descriptorName":"Titanium","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"TU","qualifierName":"therapeutic use"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Sunscreening Agents","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"TU","qualifierName":"therapeutic use"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Skin Pigmentation","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"DE","qualifierName":"drug effects"},{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"RE","qualifierName":"radiation effects"}]}},{"majorTopic_YN":"Y","descriptorName":"Light","meshQualifierList":{"meshQualifier":[{"majorTopic_YN":"N","abbreviation":"AE","qualifierName":"adverse effects"}]}}]},"keywordList":{"keyword":["Photoprotection","Visible Light","Skin Of Color","Tinted Sunscreen","Post‐inflammatory Hyperpigmentation"]},"chemicalList":{"chemical":[{"name":"Sunscreening Agents","registryNumber":"0"},{"name":"titanium dioxide","registryNumber":"15FIX9V2JP"},{"name":"Titanium","registryNumber":"D1JT611TNE"}]},"subsetList":{"subset":[{"code":"IM","name":"Index Medicus"}]},"fullTextUrlList":{"fullTextUrl":[{"availability":"Subscription required","availabilityCode":"S","documentStyle":"doi","site":"DOI","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.70112"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"html","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13401449"},{"availability":"Open access","availabilityCode":"OA","documentStyle":"pdf","site":"Europe_PMC","url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13401449?pdf=render"}]},"isOpenAccess":"Y","inEPMC":"Y","inPMC":"Y","citedByCount":1,"hasReferences":"Y","hasTextMinedTerms":"Y","hasDbCrossReferences":"N","hasPDF":"Y","hasBook":"N","hasSuppl":"N","hasLabsLinks":"N","hasData":"Y","license":"cc by","authMan":"N","epmcAuthMan":"N","nihAuthMan":"N","hasTMAccessionNumbers":"Y","tmAccessionTypeList":{"accessionType":["doi"]},"dateOfCompletion":"2026-07-25","dateOfCreation":"2026-07-25","dateOfRevision":"2026-08-13","firstPublicationDate":"2026-07-01","firstIndexDate":"2026-07-30","fullTextReceivedDate":"2026-09-04","hasEvaluations":"N"}]}}