{"data":[{"id":"10.21979/n9/3dcdxv","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.21979/n9/3dcdxv","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Nanyang Technological University"],"givenName":"Daisheng","familyName":"Jin","name":"Jin, Daisheng","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3849-2409"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Nanyang Technological University"],"givenName":"Jiangbei","familyName":"Hu","name":"Hu, Jiangbei","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6774-6267"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Nanyang Technological University"],"givenName":"Baixin","familyName":"Xu","name":"Xu, Baixin","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8118-2725"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Nanyang Technological University"],"givenName":"Yuxin","familyName":"Dai","name":"Dai, Yuxin","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5254-9647"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Sensetime"],"givenName":"Chen","familyName":"Qian","name":"Qian, Chen","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8761-5563"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Nanyang Technological University"],"givenName":"Ying","familyName":"He","name":"He, Ying","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-4485"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"SFDM: Robust Decomposition of Geometry and Reflectance for Realistic Face Rendering from Sparse-view Images"}],"publisher":"DR-NTU (Data)","container":{},"publicationYear":2025,"subjects":[{"subject":"Computer and Information Science"},{"subject":"3D reconstruction,"},{"subject":"Sparse-view"},{"subject":"Reflectance decomposition"}],"contributors":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Nanyang Technological University"],"givenName":"Daisheng","familyName":"Jin","name":"Jin, Daisheng","contributorType":"ContactPerson","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"dates":[{"date":"2025-03-07","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2025-03-19","dateType":"Available"},{"date":"2025-09-05","dateType":"Updated"}],"language":null,"types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"Code and data"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"2312.06085","relatedIdentifierType":"arXiv"},{"relationType":"IsSupplementTo","relatedIdentifier":"10356/201795","relatedIdentifierType":"Handle"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":"1.1","rightsList":[{"rightsUri":"info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"},{"rightsUri":"https://researchdata.ntu.edu.sg/api/datasets/:persistentId/versions/1.1/customlicense?persistentId=doi:10.21979/N9/3DCDXV","rights":"Custom terms specific to this dataset"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"In this study, we introduce a novel two-stage technique for decomposing and reconstructing facial features from sparse-view images, a task made challenging by the unique geometry and complex skin reflectance of each individual. To synthesize 3D facial models more realistically, we endeavor to decouple key facial attributes from the RGB color, including geometry, diffuse reflectance, and specular reflectance. Specifically, we design a Sparse-view Face Decomposition Model (SFDM): 1) In the first stage, we create a general facial template from a wide array of individual faces, encapsulating essential geometric and reflectance characteristics. 2) Guided by this template, we refine a specific facial model for each individual in the second stage, considering the interaction between geometry and reflectance, as well as the effects of subsurface scattering on the skin. With these advances, our method can reconstruct high-quality facial representations from as few as three images. The comprehensive evaluation and comparison reveal that our approach outperforms existing methods by effectively disentangling geometric and reflectance components, significantly enhancing the quality of synthesized novel views, and paving the way for applications in facial relighting and reflectance editing."},{"descriptionType":"TechnicalInfo","description":"Latex and Python, null"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderName":"RIE2020 Industry Alignment Fund– Industry Collaboration Projects (IAF-ICP) Funding Initiative"}],"url":"https://researchdata.ntu.edu.sg/citation?persistentId=doi:10.21979/N9/3DCDXV","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":2,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":324,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2025-03-07T06:21:26Z","registered":"2025-03-19T06:43:04Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-09-11T14:34:44Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"gdcc.ntu","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.60645/bdc-dm36-843j","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.60645/bdc-dm36-843j","identifiers":[{"identifier":"phs003739.v1.p1","identifierType":"dbGaP"}],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Jing","familyName":"Li","name":"Li, Jing","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA-BioLINCC)"}],"publisher":"NHLBI BioData Catalyst","container":{},"publicationYear":2025,"subjects":[],"contributors":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Jing","familyName":"Li","name":"Li, Jing","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Other"},{"nameType":"Organizational","affiliation":[],"name":"UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAMWASHINGTON UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Other"},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Sean","familyName":"Coady","name":"Coady, Sean","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Other"},{"nameType":"Organizational","affiliation":[],"name":"NIH","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Other"}],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":"1","rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"\n**\u003cu\u003eData Access NOTE:\u003c/u\u003e **Please refer to the \u0026#8220;Authorized Access\u0026#8221; section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eRelated Studies:\u003c/u\u003e **Other CARDIA data available include:\n- phs000236.v2.p2 PAGE: CALiCo: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults(CARDIA) - phs000309.v3.p2 The CARDIA-GENEVA Study - phs000399.v1.p2 NHLBI GO-ESP: Heart Cohorts Exome Sequencing Project (CARDIA) - phs000613.v1.p2 NHLBI CARDIA Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) - phs003675.v1.p1 CARDIA Multi-omics Obesity \u0026#38; CVD Substudy \u0026#8211; Year 20 Untargeted Metabolomics Data - phs001612.v3.p2 NHLBI TOPMed: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) - phs003045.v1.p1 Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R): Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) - phs000285.v4.p3 CARDIA_Cohort \n**\u003cu\u003eAvailable Data:\u003c/u\u003e **Available data for request include exam data through Year 30 and outcomes and death data through 2022. Additionally, data from 28 ancillary studies are available for request.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eObjectives:\u003c/u\u003e **The original objectives of CARDIA were to document levels of risk factors for coronary artery disease and potential determinants of these risk factors in young adults; to study the interrelationships of risk factors and lifestyles and to document behavioral and environmental changes during the transition from young adulthood to middle age; to compare cross-sectional and longitudinal data on age-related trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors; and to compare levels and evolution of risk factors between men and women, blacks and whites, and in groups of differing socioeconomic status. Goals of the study have evolved to emphasize understanding determinants of left ventricular mass, emerging obesity and hypertension, and sequelae of hypertension in pregnancy.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eBackground:\u003c/u\u003e **CARDIA is designed to increase understanding of contributors to changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors during the critical years of transition from young adulthood to middle age. CARDIA was funded initially in 1983 for a five-year cycle that included two rounds of examinations. Contract renewals have allowed for subsequent re-examinations.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eParticipants:\u003c/u\u003e **Black and white men and women; ages 18-30 years at entry with a range of attained education; original sample size: 5,115.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eDesign:\u003c/u\u003e **CARDIA is a population-based observational study of 5,115 participants aged 18-30 years recruited in 1985-1986. The sample was designed to achieve approximately balanced subgroups of race, gender, education (high school or less and more than high school) and age (18-24 and 25-30). Forty percent of the cohort had no more than a high school education. A total of nine examinations have been completed in the cohort with examination cycles at year 2 of the project and years 5, 7, 10 , 15, 20, 25, and 30.\n\nIn addition to standard measurements of blood pressure, anthropometry, blood lipids, smoking behavior, physical activity, diet, pulmonary function, and many psychological factors, CARDIA has other included measurements (in subsets or in the full cohort) to obtain unique information on other aspects of risk factor development and early morbidity. These have included: graded exercise treadmill testing; echocardiography, particularly for measurement of left ventricular mass; cardiovascular reactivity; serum cotinine; Lp(a), apoE phenotype, apolipoprotein A1 and B; homocysteine; skin reflectance; body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry; glucose tolerance testing; vascular resistance and compliance; and plasma renin activity and sympathetic nervous system activity. \n"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderName":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"url":"https://gen3.biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/discovery/phs003739.v1.p1.c2/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":1,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4.4","source":"api","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2025-08-12T18:28:34Z","registered":"2025-10-01T05:42:24Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-07-15T06:09:08Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"nihnhlbi.bdc","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.60645/bdc-4373-ucy9","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.60645/bdc-4373-ucy9","identifiers":[{"identifier":"phs003739.v1.p1","identifierType":"dbGaP"}],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Jing","familyName":"Li","name":"Li, Jing","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA-BioLINCC)"}],"publisher":"NHLBI BioData Catalyst","container":{},"publicationYear":2025,"subjects":[],"contributors":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Jing","familyName":"Li","name":"Li, Jing","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Other"},{"nameType":"Organizational","affiliation":[],"name":"UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAMWASHINGTON UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Other"},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Sean","familyName":"Coady","name":"Coady, Sean","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Other"},{"nameType":"Organizational","affiliation":[],"name":"NIH","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Other"}],"dates":[],"language":null,"types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":[],"formats":[],"version":"1","rightsList":[],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"\n**\u003cu\u003eData Access NOTE:\u003c/u\u003e **Please refer to the \u0026#8220;Authorized Access\u0026#8221; section below for information about how access to the data from this accession differs from many other dbGaP accessions.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eRelated Studies:\u003c/u\u003e **Other CARDIA data available include:\n- phs000236.v2.p2 PAGE: CALiCo: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults(CARDIA) - phs000309.v3.p2 The CARDIA-GENEVA Study - phs000399.v1.p2 NHLBI GO-ESP: Heart Cohorts Exome Sequencing Project (CARDIA) - phs000613.v1.p2 NHLBI CARDIA Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) - phs003675.v1.p1 CARDIA Multi-omics Obesity \u0026#38; CVD Substudy \u0026#8211; Year 20 Untargeted Metabolomics Data - phs001612.v3.p2 NHLBI TOPMed: CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) - phs003045.v1.p1 Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R): Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) - phs000285.v4.p3 CARDIA_Cohort \n**\u003cu\u003eAvailable Data:\u003c/u\u003e **Available data for request include exam data through Year 30 and outcomes and death data through 2022. Additionally, data from 28 ancillary studies are available for request.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eObjectives:\u003c/u\u003e **The original objectives of CARDIA were to document levels of risk factors for coronary artery disease and potential determinants of these risk factors in young adults; to study the interrelationships of risk factors and lifestyles and to document behavioral and environmental changes during the transition from young adulthood to middle age; to compare cross-sectional and longitudinal data on age-related trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors; and to compare levels and evolution of risk factors between men and women, blacks and whites, and in groups of differing socioeconomic status. Goals of the study have evolved to emphasize understanding determinants of left ventricular mass, emerging obesity and hypertension, and sequelae of hypertension in pregnancy.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eBackground:\u003c/u\u003e **CARDIA is designed to increase understanding of contributors to changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors during the critical years of transition from young adulthood to middle age. CARDIA was funded initially in 1983 for a five-year cycle that included two rounds of examinations. Contract renewals have allowed for subsequent re-examinations.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eParticipants:\u003c/u\u003e **Black and white men and women; ages 18-30 years at entry with a range of attained education; original sample size: 5,115.\n\n**\u003cu\u003eDesign:\u003c/u\u003e **CARDIA is a population-based observational study of 5,115 participants aged 18-30 years recruited in 1985-1986. The sample was designed to achieve approximately balanced subgroups of race, gender, education (high school or less and more than high school) and age (18-24 and 25-30). Forty percent of the cohort had no more than a high school education. A total of nine examinations have been completed in the cohort with examination cycles at year 2 of the project and years 5, 7, 10 , 15, 20, 25, and 30.\n\nIn addition to standard measurements of blood pressure, anthropometry, blood lipids, smoking behavior, physical activity, diet, pulmonary function, and many psychological factors, CARDIA has other included measurements (in subsets or in the full cohort) to obtain unique information on other aspects of risk factor development and early morbidity. These have included: graded exercise treadmill testing; echocardiography, particularly for measurement of left ventricular mass; cardiovascular reactivity; serum cotinine; Lp(a), apoE phenotype, apolipoprotein A1 and B; homocysteine; skin reflectance; body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry; glucose tolerance testing; vascular resistance and compliance; and plasma renin activity and sympathetic nervous system activity. \n"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderName":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"url":"https://gen3.biodatacatalyst.nhlbi.nih.gov/discovery/phs003739.v1.p1.c1/","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":1,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4.4","source":"api","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":0,"downloadCount":0,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":0,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2025-08-12T18:28:30Z","registered":"2025-10-01T05:42:22Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-07-15T06:09:07Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"nihnhlbi.bdc","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz6t","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz6t","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["The University of Queensland"],"givenName":"Laurie","familyName":"Mitchell","name":"Mitchell, Laurie","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-4113"}]}],"titles":[{"title":"Higher ultraviolet skin reflectance signals submissiveness in the anemonefish, Amphiprion akindynos"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2022,"subjects":[{"schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"Clownfish"},{"subject":"Colour Vision"},{"subject":"colour"},{"subject":"reef fish"},{"schemeUri":"https://github.com/PLOS/plos-thesaurus","subject":"Social communication","subjectScheme":"PLOS Subject Area Thesaurus"},{"subject":"contests"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2022-08-29T05:41:05Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1093/beheco/arac089","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["357737430 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"6","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"Ultraviolet (UV) vision is widespread among teleost fishes, of which many\n exhibit UV skin colours for communication. However, aside from its role in\n mate selection, few studies have examined the information UV-signalling\n conveys in other socio-behavioural contexts. Anemonefishes (subfamily,\n Amphiprioninae) live in a fascinating dominance hierarchy, in which a\n large female and male dominate over non-breeding subordinates, and body\n size is the primary cue for dominance. The iconic orange and white bars of\n anemonefishes are highly UV-reflective, and their colour vision is\n well-tuned to perceive the chromatic contrast of skin, which we show here\n decreases in the amount of UV-reflectance with increasing social rank. To\n test the function of their UV-skin signals, we compared the outcomes of\n staged contests over dominance between size-matched Barrier Reef\n anemonefish (Amphiprion akindynos) in aquarium chambers viewed under\n different UV-absorbing filters. Fish under UV-blocking filters were more\n likely to win contests, whereas fish under no-filter or neutral-density\n filter were more likely to submit. For contests between fish in no-filter\n and neutral density filter treatments, light treatment had no effect on\n contest outcome (win/lose). We also show that sub-adults were more\n aggressive towards smaller juveniles placed under a UV filter than a\n neutral density filter. Taken together, our results show that\n UV-reflectance or -contrast in anemonefish can modulate aggression and\n encode dominant and submissive cues when changes in overall intensity are\n controlled for."},{"descriptionType":"Methods","description":"\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eExperiment 1: effect of UV on staged\n contest outcome\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e To test the\n importance of UV-signalling in anemonefish interactions, fish were paired\n against size-matched opponents (n = 70 trials) within 1.0 cm SL\n (Δ\u003csub\u003eSL\u003c/sub\u003e range = 0.0 cm to 0.85 cm; mean\n Δ\u003csub\u003eSL\u003c/sub\u003e ± s.d. = 0.32 ± 0.24 cm). Fish were used in one\n to six contests, depending on the number of size-matched pairings (average\n number of contests per fish ± sd = 3.0 ± 1.5). No repeat pairings, nor\n pairs comprised of fish from the same anemone were made. Each pairing was\n pseudo-randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) no-filter versus\n UV-filter (n trials = 21), 2) no-filter versus ND (n trials = 15), and 3)\n ND versus UV-filter (n trials = 34). At the beginning of each contest,\n fish from each pair were transferred by hand-net into one section of the\n tank. They were given an adjustment period of 30-min with an opaque\n barrier placed in front of the acrylic window to prevent any pre-contest\n interactions. Immediately prior to contest commencement, the barrier was\n removed, and interactions were video recorded for 20-min using a Go-Pro\n (Hero 3) mounted on a tripod with a full view of the experimental tank. At\n 20-min, the contest was terminated, and fish were returned to their\n aquaria. Analysis of the footage involved recording key\n agonistic and submissive behaviours when anemonefish interacted with each\n other at the acrylic window. The outcome (winner and loser) of contests\n was decided by the first observation of submissive posturing displayed by\n either fish, subsequently deemed the loser. Because of the dual role that\n head-shaking serves in agonism and submissiveness, and the occasional\n subtlety between dorsal leaning and ventral leaning, we avoided ambiguity\n by adhering to a strict criterion that postures were only submissive when\n immediately preceded by an attack (i.e., charge or bite) from the\n opponent.  Upon observing submission, the video time stamp (in seconds),\n and outcome (loser and winner fish IDs and corresponding treatments) was\n recorded and footage analysis was terminated. \n \u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExperiment 2: effect of UV on aggression\n directed at subordinates\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e To\n further investigate the potential role of UV-signalling in anemonefish\n social interactions, we compared the effect of UV light and reduced UV\n light on the level of aggression directed by larger fish at smaller\n (less-dominant) fish. In this experiment, anemonefish pairings had a SL\n difference over 1.0 cm (Δ\u003csub\u003eSL\u003c/sub\u003e range = 1.1 cm – 3.5\n cm; mean Δ\u003csub\u003eSL\u003c/sub\u003e ± s.d. = 2.1 ± 0.72 cm), which\n exceeded the minimum threshold size difference between adjacent\n hierarchical ranks. This perceived difference in rank was further\n emphasised by almost exclusively pairing sub-adults with juveniles. Prior\n to trial commencement, individual fish were randomly assigned (via coin\n toss) to either the UV-filter or ND-filter treatment and similar to the\n previous experiment were given a 30-min adjustment period with an opaque\n barrier placed in front of the acrylic window to prevent any prior\n interaction. Trials commenced after removing the opaque barrier and were\n video recorded for 20-min, after which video recording stopped and fish\n were returned to their aquaria. Footage analysis\n involved counting the number of different agonistic behaviours directed by\n the larger fish towards the smaller fish at the acrylic window. Behaviours\n exhibited by smaller fish were limited to typical submissive postures in\n response to attacks. Trial footage was analysed for the full recorded\n 20-min (n = 20). \u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSkin colour\n measurement and analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\n After the behavioural experiments were completed, the spectral\n reflectance of multiple skin patches (Figure 2) was measured for\n anemonefish (n = 47) used in the experiment. Measurements were done across\n a 300-700 nm range using an Ocean Optics Jaz spectrometer (Ocean Optics,\n Largo, FL, USA) with pulsed Xenon light source (Jaz-PX module), and a\n bifurcated 200 µm fibre optic cable (Thorlabs, NJ, USA). Reflectance\n measurements were taken at a 45° angle against skin patches, relative to a\n Spectralon 99% diffuse reflectance standard (Lab-sphere, North Sutton, NH,\n USA). All measurements were taken out-of-water and in a dark room by two\n personnel. One person maintained the fibre in position above skin patches,\n while the second person took measurements and gradually exposed skin\n patches caudal-rostrally by rolling back a seawater-soaked towel that\n wrapped fish to protect their skin from desiccation and eyes from the\n bright light. We ensured consistency among measurements by targeting the\n same locations across anemonefish and compensated for changes in body\n contour/relief by adjusting the held distance of the fibre accordingly.\n Three measurements were taken per skin patch (within 0.5\n cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e – 1 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) and the average\n was used in subsequent analyses. To minimise stress from air exposure, all\n measurements were taken within two min per fish and no stress-related\n colour changes were observed. Post-measurement, all fish promptly\n recovered in a bucket of seawater and were then returned to aquaria. A low\n number of measurements (39/225, ~ 17%) were discarded due to either being\n saturated or containing artefacts. Sea anemone\n (\u003cem\u003eStichodactyla gigantea\u003c/em\u003e) reflectance was based on\n averaged (n = 10) measurements recorded in-situ using a submersible\n spectrometer (USB2000 Ocean Optics) with a 100µm fibre and relative to a\n 99% Spectralon reflectance standard positioned next to the anemone.\n Reflectance measurements of tentacles used natural daylight as a light\n source at midday during non-overcast conditions at ~3m depth.\n Downwelling spectral irradiance measurements were taken at ~5m\n depth on the reef (average of n = 3) using a submersible spectrometer\n (USB2000 Ocean Optics) with a 100µm fibre and cosine corrector."},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"Microsoft Excel Windows Media Player (or\n equivalent video player) File (de-)compression\n software."}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Ecological Society of Australia","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/03f20jx79","schemeUri":"https://ror.org"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Australian Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","awardNumber":"FT190100313"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Australian Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","awardNumber":"DE200100620"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Australian Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","awardNumber":"DP150102710"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Australian Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","awardNumber":"DP180102363"}],"url":"https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz6t","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":8,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":220,"downloadCount":38,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":1,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2022-09-13T16:06:44Z","registered":"2022-09-13T16:06:45Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-01-28T11:23:26Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"dryad.dryad","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5061/dryad.6q573n61f","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.6q573n61f","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["University of Calgary"],"givenName":"Gabriel","familyName":"Bertolesi","name":"Bertolesi, Gabriel","nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifierScheme":"ORCID","schemeUri":"https://orcid.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6154-9513"}]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["University of Calgary"],"givenName":"Hannan","familyName":"Malik","name":"Malik, Hannan","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["University of Calgary"],"givenName":"Sarah","familyName":"McFarlane","name":"McFarlane, Sarah","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"TRPM8 thermosensation in ectotherms mediates both skin colour and locomotor performance responses to cold temperature"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2022,"subjects":[{"schemeUri":"https://web-archive.oecd.org/2012-06-15/138575-38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"fos"},{"schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"subject":"TRP channel"},{"subject":"Adaptation to changing environments"},{"subject":"thermoregulation"},{"subject":"Integumentary evolution"},{"subject":"Behavioural adaptation"}],"contributors":[{"affiliation":[],"name":"University of Calgary","nameIdentifiers":[],"contributorType":"Sponsor"}],"dates":[{"date":"2022-05-25T18:13:05Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1038/s42003-023-04489-8","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["148230 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"4","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"Thermoregulation is a homeostatic process to maintain an organism’s\n internal temperature within a physiological range compatible with life. In\n ectotherms, body temperature fluctuates with that of the environment, with\n both physiological and behavioral responses employed to modify body\n temperature. Changing skin colour/reflectance and locomotor activity are\n both well-recognized temperature regulatory mechanisms, but little is\n known of the participating thermosensor/s. We find that Xenopus laevis\n tadpoles put in the cold exhibit a temperature-dependent and rapid\n melanosome aggregation in melanophores, which lightens the skin. To\n identify the cold-sensor, we focused on transient receptor potential (trp)\n channel genes from group 1 (TRPA, TRPM, TRPV and TRPC families). Of\n particular interest were TRPM family members, known as cold sensors. mRNAs\n for several TRPMs are present in Xenopus tails, and TRPM8 protein is\n present in skin melanophores. Temperature-induced melanosome aggregation\n is mimicked by the Trpm8 agonist menthol (WS12) and blocked by the Trpm8\n antagonist PF05105679. The degree of skin lightening induced by cooling or\n the WS12 TRPM8 agonist correlates with the extent of alterations in\n locomotor performance. We propose that TRPM8 serves as a cool thermosensor\n in ectotherms that helps coordinate skin lightening and behavioural\n locomotor performance as adaptive thermoregulatory responses to cold."},{"descriptionType":"Methods","description":"Using Xenopus laevis as a model system, we study two responses in\n ectotherms that contribute to temperature regulation: 1) A skin coloration\n response where dorsal pigmentation of the tadpole is adjusted to the\n environmental temperature to change the light refractory conditions, and\n 2) A behavioural response where the locomotor performance of the organism\n aligns with the ambient temperature. We explore both the molecular\n thermosensors, and the relationship between skin colour change and the\n locomotor preference in response to an ethologically-relevant cold\n temperature (24 and 6 Celsius degrees). For skin \u003cstrong\u003epigmentation\n studies\u003c/strong\u003e, pictures of the dorsal head were\n taken with identical conditions of light, exposure time and diaphragm\n aperture, and converted to binary white/black images using NIH ImageJ\n public domain software (see Bertolesi et all 2015; PCMR). Pigmentation\n level (arbitrary units) was automatically converted by the software. For\n \u003cstrong\u003elocomotor performance\u003c/strong\u003e, a tray containing 9-12\n tadpoles set individually in 35 mm dishes were recorded for one minute,\n every 5 minute during a total time of 30 minutes. The free online\n software, Kinovea version 0.8.15, was used to track the movement (cm) of\n each tadpole. Pigmentation Index (Figure 2; 3; 4 and\n 5). Physiological skin pigmentation indices were measured as described\n previously (Bertolesi et al 2015; PCMR). Briefly, pictures of the dorsal\n head of tadpoles were taken using a stereoscope (Stemi SV11; Carl Zeiss\n Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Canada) and a camera (Zeiss; Axiocam HRC), with\n identical conditions of light, exposure time and diaphragm aperture.\n Pictures were converted to binary white/black images using NIH ImageJ (U.\n S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) public domain software.\n The density of positive pixels was measured, and the statistical\n significance (p \u0026lt; 0.05) between treatments was determined with\n GraphPad Prism 9 by using multiple ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's\n post hoc test or t-test. Locomotor Performance: (Figure\n 5) Single tadpoles were set in a 35 mm dish containing MMR solution at 24\n °C or 6 °C. 9-12 dishes on a tray were assessed concurrently for tadpole\n movement by using a Logitech C920S camera. Trays were kept in either the\n 24 °C or 6 °C incubator, with light shining from above. Both incubators\n (24 °C or 6 °C) were adjacent to the behaviour recording device, and trays\n with dishes were removed every 5 minutes (0-30 minutes) to record the\n movement for one minute. In this manner, the temperature of the MMR in\n each dish did not change during the 30 minutes of the study. At the end of\n the experiment, each tadpole was fixed for assessment of skin\n pigmentation, and the recordings were used to determine their locomotor\n performance. The free online software, Kinovea version 0.8.15, was used to\n track the movement of each tadpole."}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01h531d29","schemeUri":"https://ror.org"}],"url":"https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.6q573n61f","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":7,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":145,"downloadCount":10,"referenceCount":0,"citationCount":1,"partCount":0,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2022-06-10T21:42:14Z","registered":"2022-06-10T21:42:15Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-01-28T10:08:35Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"dryad.dryad","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5061/dryad.t34qq","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.t34qq","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["The University of Melbourne"],"givenName":"Kathleeen R.","familyName":"Smith","name":"Smith, Kathleeen R.","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["The University of Melbourne"],"givenName":"Viviana","familyName":"Cadena","name":"Cadena, Viviana","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Deakin University"],"givenName":"John A.","familyName":"Endler","name":"Endler, John A.","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["University of Wisconsin–Madison"],"givenName":"Warren P.","familyName":"Porter","name":"Porter, Warren P.","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["The University of Melbourne"],"givenName":"Michael R.","familyName":"Kearney","name":"Kearney, Michael R.","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["The University of Melbourne"],"givenName":"Devi","familyName":"Stuart-Fox","name":"Stuart-Fox, Devi","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["The University of Melbourne"],"givenName":"Kathleen R.","familyName":"Smith","name":"Smith, Kathleen R.","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Data from: Colour change on different body regions provides thermal and signalling advantages in bearded dragon lizards"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2016,"subjects":[{"subject":"colour change"},{"subject":"Pogona vitticeps"},{"subject":"biophysical modelling"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2016-04-04T06:58:38Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2016-05-13T17:13:31Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2016-05-13T17:13:31Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1098/rspb.2016.0626","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["2995688 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"1","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"Many terrestrial ectotherms are capable of rapid colour change, yet it is\n unclear how these animals accommodate the multiple functions of colour,\n particularly camouflage, communication and thermoregulation, especially\n when functions require very different colours. Thermal benefits of colour\n change depend on an animal's absorptance of solar energy in both\n UV–visible (300–700 nm) and near-infrared (NIR; 700–2600 nm) wavelengths,\n yet colour research has focused almost exclusively on the former. Here, we\n show that wild-caught bearded dragon lizards (Pogona vitticeps) exhibit\n substantial UV–visible and NIR skin reflectance change in response to\n temperature for dorsal but not ventral (throat and upper chest) body\n regions. By contrast, lizards showed the greatest temperature-independent\n colour change on the beard and upper chest during social interactions and\n as a result of circadian colour change. Biophysical simulations of heat\n transfer predicted that the maximum temperature-dependent change in dorsal\n reflectivity could reduce the time taken to reach active body temperature\n by an average of 22 min per active day, saving 85 h of basking time\n throughout the activity season. Our results confirm that colour change may\n serve a thermoregulatory function, and competing thermoregulation and\n signalling requirements may be met by partitioning colour change to\n different body regions in different circumstances."},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"Raw beard reflectance\n values for temperature-independent experiments_Smith et al.\n 2016This spreadsheet shows\n the raw reflectance spectra for the beard (throat) in its lightest and\n darkest state for each lizard measured during the temperature-independent\n experiments (social and circadian). Data for Figure S2.Raw Reflectance Values\n Temperature-Dependent Experiments_Smith et al 2016This spreadsheet shows\n the raw reflectance spectra for the beard, head, light back spot region,\n dark back spot region and chest for each lizard at the end of the 15°C and\n 40°C temperature-dependent experiments. Data for Table 1, Table 2, Figure\n 2 and Figure 3.Temperature-Dependent\n photo data_Smith et al. 2016This spreadsheet shows\n data obtained from linearised and equalised photographs of lizards taken\n remotely during the temperature-dependent experiments to assess the speed\n of colour change. Luminance and chroma were calculated from RGB values as\n described in the paper. Data for Figure S1, Figure S3, Figure S5, Table S2\n and Table S3.Temperature-Dependent\n reflectivity values_Smith et al. 2016This spreadsheet shows\n reflectivity values calculated from reflectance spectra taken at the end\n of each temperature-dependent colour change experiment (15C and 40C). Data\n for Figure 2, Table 1, and Table 2.Temperature-independent\n reflectivity values_Smith et al. 2016This spreadsheet shows\n reflectivity values calculated from reflectance spectra taken at the end\n of each temperature-independent colour change experiment. Data for Table 1\n and Figure S2.Biophysical Model\n Simulation_Smith et al. 2016This spreadsheet shows\n results from biophysical models used to simulate the effect of differences\n in skin reflectance on lizard warming rates. Data for Figure 4 and Figure\n S6."}],"geoLocations":[{"geoLocationPlace":"Walpeup"},{"geoLocationPlace":"Australia"},{"geoLocationPlace":"35°08’10”S 142°01’30”E"}],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.t34qq","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":31,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":355,"downloadCount":66,"referenceCount":1,"citationCount":1,"partCount":6,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2016-05-13T17:13:42Z","registered":"2016-05-13T17:13:43Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-01-27T11:30:59Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"dryad.dryad","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.5061/dryad.g669j","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.5061/dryad.g669j","identifiers":[],"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Jennifer L.","familyName":"Kelley","name":"Kelley, Jennifer L.","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Ian","familyName":"Taylor","name":"Taylor, Ian","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Nathan S.","familyName":"Hart","name":"Hart, Nathan S.","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":[],"givenName":"Julian C.","familyName":"Partridge","name":"Partridge, Julian C.","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Data from: Aquatic prey use countershading camouflage to match the visual background"}],"publisher":"Dryad","container":{},"publicationYear":2017,"subjects":[{"subject":"crypsis"},{"subject":"animal colouration"},{"subject":"colour change"},{"subject":"camouflage"},{"subject":"Countershading"},{"subject":"Melanotaenia australis"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2017-06-14T04:05:50Z","dateType":"Submitted"},{"date":"2017-06-14T15:39:35Z","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2017-06-14T15:39:35Z","dateType":"Available"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[{"relationType":"IsCitedBy","relatedIdentifier":"10.1093/beheco/arx093","relatedIdentifierType":"DOI"}],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["70660 bytes"],"formats":[],"version":"1","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"An animal’s 3D form, combined with the directional lighting that is\n typical of many natural light environments, often results in the\n production of self-shadows, which may increase prey detectability to\n visual predators or vice versa. In terrestrial animals, countershading\n patterning, a luminance gradient from dark dorsal to pale ventral\n pigmentation, acts to counterbalance this effect by essentially reversing\n the distribution of light incident across the body surface. Although\n widespread among aquatic predators and prey, it is unclear whether\n countershading facilitates camouflage through elimination of self-shadows\n (self-shadow concealment [SSC]), enhances the match between an animal’s\n radiance and that of the background for multiple viewing angles\n (background matching [BM]), or a combination of both. We used clay models\n of a color-changing freshwater fish to determine the optimal patterning\n for SSC in different light environments, and we compared this to the skin\n reflectance profile of fish held under the same conditions. Fish adjusted\n their countershading pattern in response to changes in the light\n environment, but the observed reflectance profiles did not match the\n modeling predictions for optimal SSC. Thus fish adjusted their body\n pigmentation to match the viewing background rather than to conceal their\n ventral shadows. We suggest that different selection pressures resulting\n from the dissimilar characteristics of light in air and water have\n resulted in convergence of similar countershading phenotypes in\n terrestrial and aquatic prey."},{"descriptionType":"Other","description":"Exp 1 change in light\n and substrateChanges in body\n reflectance of fish held in tanks with varying light intensity and\n substrate reflectanceExp 2 change in light\n and horiz backgroundChanges in body\n reflectance in fish held in tanks with varying light intensity and\n horizontal background reflectanceExp 1 reflectance\n profiles clay modelsBody reflectance of clay\n model fish photographed in tanks with black or white\n substratesExp 2 reflectance\n profiles clay modelsBody reflectance of clay\n model fish held in tanks with black or white horizontal\n backgrounds"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[],"url":"https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.g669j","contentUrl":null,"metadataVersion":37,"schemaVersion":"http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4","source":"mds","isActive":true,"state":"findable","reason":null,"viewCount":440,"downloadCount":97,"referenceCount":1,"citationCount":1,"partCount":4,"partOfCount":0,"versionCount":0,"versionOfCount":0,"created":"2017-06-14T15:39:44Z","registered":"2017-06-14T15:39:45Z","published":null,"updated":"2026-01-27T10:39:15Z"},"relationships":{"client":{"data":{"id":"dryad.dryad","type":"clients"}}}},{"id":"10.57760/sciencedb.34524","type":"dois","attributes":{"doi":"10.57760/sciencedb.34524","identifiers":[{"identifier":"31253.11.sciencedb.34524","identifierType":"CSTR"}],"creators":[{"affiliation":["Chengdu Institute of Biology"],"name":"Zhongyi Yao","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"affiliation":["Chengdu Institute of Biology"],"name":"Wenjun Tan","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"affiliation":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"name":"Zhijie Cao","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"affiliation":["Chengdu Institute of Biology"],"name":"Yuning Cao","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"affiliation":["Institute of Optics And Electronics"],"name":"Jiajia Yin","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Institute of Optics And Electronics"],"givenName":"Heng","familyName":"Shi","name":"Shi, Heng","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"affiliation":["Chengdu Institute of Biology"],"name":"Jinzhao Ke","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Chengdu Institute of Biology"],"givenName":"Jun","familyName":"Tao","name":"Tao, Jun","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"affiliation":["Chengdu Institute of Biology"],"name":"Chenchen Yang","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"affiliation":["University of Guelph"],"name":"Jinzhong Fu","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Institute of Optics and Electronics"],"givenName":"Bin","familyName":"Fan","name":"Fan, Bin","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"affiliation":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China"],"name":"Jingxuan Wei","nameIdentifiers":[]},{"nameType":"Personal","affiliation":["Chengdu Institute of Biology"],"givenName":"Yin","familyName":"Qi","name":"Qi, Yin","nameIdentifiers":[]}],"titles":[{"title":"Original data for research on epidermal nanostructures in alpine lizards"},{"lang":"zh","title":"Original data for research on epidermal nanostructures in alpine lizards"}],"publisher":"Science Data Bank","container":{},"publicationYear":2025,"subjects":[{"classificationCode":"18044","subject":"Ecology","subjectScheme":"GB/T 13745-2009"},{"schemeUri":"http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf","subject":"FOS: Biological sciences","subjectScheme":"Fields of Science and Technology (FOS)"},{"classificationCode":"18057","subject":"Zoology","subjectScheme":"GB/T 13745-2009"},{"classificationCode":"18014","subject":"Biophysics","subjectScheme":"GB/T 13745-2009"},{"subject":"Phrynocephalon"},{"subject":"thermoregulation"},{"subject":"nanosctructure"},{"subject":"reflectance"},{"subject":"histology"},{"subject":"transmission"}],"contributors":[],"dates":[{"date":"2025-12-30","dateType":"Issued"},{"date":"2025-12-29","dateType":"Created"},{"date":"2025-12-29","dateType":"Updated"}],"language":"en","types":{"schemaOrg":"Dataset","resourceTypeGeneral":"Dataset","citeproc":"dataset","bibtex":"misc","ris":"DATA","resourceType":"Dataset"},"relatedIdentifiers":[],"relatedItems":[],"sizes":["39618410538 bytes","1 files"],"formats":[],"version":"V1","rightsList":[{"rightsIdentifierScheme":"SPDX","rightsUri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","schemeUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/","rights":"Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal","rightsIdentifier":"cc0-1.0"}],"descriptions":[{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"This dataset comprehensively supports the research about epidermal nanostructures in alpine lizards. It contains all original experimental materials, including infrared thermoregulation videos, skin reflectance and transmittance spectral measurements, histological images for melanin quantification, scanning and transmission electron microscopy images of skin microstructures, and relevant environmental variables. The data are systematically organized into six main folders corresponding to each analytical component, complemented by analysis code, individual reference files, and phylogenetic trees in the main directory. All files are clearly named and structured to ensure traceability from raw recordings to analyzed parameters, facilitating reproducibility and further research in thermal ecology, functional morphology, and comparative physiology."},{"descriptionType":"Abstract","description":"This dataset comprehensively supports the research about epidermal nanostructures in alpine lizards. It contains all original experimental materials, including infrared thermoregulation videos, skin reflectance and transmittance spectral measurements, histological images for melanin quantification, scanning and transmission electron microscopy images of skin microstructures, and relevant environmental variables. The data are systematically organized into six main folders corresponding to each analytical component, complemented by analysis code, individual reference files, and phylogenetic trees in the main directory. 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This data spans from 2012 to 2024 and originates from eleven datasets curated by international laboratories across eight countries: the UK, Spain, China, Japan, Pakistan, Thailand, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. Each dataset follows a standardised measurement protocol to maintain data consistency.In the ISSA dataset, individual records provide extensive details including record number, data origin, subject identification, and skin type—categorised by ethnicity, gender, age, and body location. The dataset also includes detailed information on the measurement instruments used, such as type, specular component inclusion, wavelength range and interval.Alongside spectral data, each sample also contains CIE colorimetric data, including tristimulus values, xy chromaticity coordinates, CIELAB parameters, etc., based on the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer and the CIE standard illuminant D65.\u003cb\u003eData Records\u003c/b\u003eThe dataset is organised into two primary spreadsheets: a coding scheme and a datasheet. The datasheet arranges data across columns labelled A to BQ:A: Unique record identifierB: Data origin (linked to an origin table in the coding scheme)C: Subject numberD to G: Ethnicity, gender, age group, and body location (each linked to respective reference tables in the coding scheme)H to L: Instrument details including type and spectral measurement specificsN to BD: Spectral data from 360 nm to 780 nmBF to BQ: CIE colorimetric dataThis structured format ensures that users can easily access and interpret data for diverse research applications.\u003cb\u003eMeasurement Protocol\u003c/b\u003eThe nationality or ethnicity, gender, age, and body location of the subject are important and depend on the requirements of the specific study that needs the measurement of human skin colour. Thus, this information for each participant was first determined through self-evaluation via a questionnaire. In regions with homogeneous populations (e.g., China, Thailand, Japan), all participants belonged to the same ethnic group. In regions with mixed populations (e.g., the UK), participants were provided with a questionnaire that included options for existing ethnicities, mixed ethnicity, and “other” (self-defined). This information was recorded using consistent coding schemes in the dataset.To ensure the integrity and consistency of all skin spectral reflectance measurements in this study, several standardised conditions were rigorously maintained. First, it was essential for the skin of all subjects to be clean, unabraded, and free from any cosmetics, lotions, or medical products that could affect the measurement outcomes. Each subject was prepared accordingly prior to data collection to meet this standard. Additionally, the measurement instruments (portable spectrophotometer - SP) were calibrated according to manufacturer guidelines before each session. Lighting conditions for measurements were carefully controlled; all measurements were conducted under diffuse lighting conditions to avoid discrepancies associated with collimated light sources. This was facilitated by lighting systems integrated within the measurement instruments (SP). Such controlled environments guaranteed that the spectral data collected was accurate and consistent across all subjects and datasets.During the measurement, the portable spectrophotometer was brought to the subject, ensuring the sample area had no blemishes (e.g. hair, freckles, etc.) and had not been subjected to recent pressure (e.g. to promote blood flow). Areas with visible hair (e.g., the chin of male participants with beards) were avoided during measurements to ensure that only clear skin areas were included in the dataset. When using a spectrophotometer, care was taken to ensure the instrument was gently in contact with the area of skin to be measured, to prevent extraneous light from reaching the detector (see Figure 1b). It was also necessary to be careful that no excessive pressure was applied to the skin when contacting the device, which might lead to a change in its colour due to the promotion of blood flow beneath the surface. Measurement parameters mentioned in the last section, such as the geometry of illumination and the inclusion of the specular component, must be checked before measurement. Measurements were taken at 4-10 different body locations depending on the site, with the forehead, cheek, and back of the hand covered by all sites. For consistency, measurements were taken from one randomly selected side (left or right) of each subject. Laterality was generally not recorded, except for Datasets 7 and 8, which included bilateral cheek measurements.After completing the measurements, we reviewed the data and excluded any measurements with zero reflectance (e.g., due to instrument error) or any participant data with colour difference greater than 15 ∆E_ab^* between positions. All measurement data were then carefully recorded and reported in accordance with the predefined coding schemes. This protocol not only supports the reliability of our measurements but also enhances the comparability of our data across various locations and time periods.\u003cb\u003eCiting the Database\u003c/b\u003eAny use of the LSDB should cite the following reference: Lu, Yan; Xiao, Kaida; Pointer, Michael; He, Ruili; Zhou, Sicong; Nasseraldin, Ahmed; et al. (2025). The International Skin Spectra Archive (ISSA): a multicultural human skin phenotype and colour spectra collection. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28228571\u003cb\u003eContact the Author\u003c/b\u003eSupport and Contact Information: For technical support or queries related to the database, please contact Prof. Kaida Xiao (k.xiao1@leeds.ac.uk) and Dr Yan Lu (y.lu3@leeds.ac.uk).\u003cbr\u003e"}],"geoLocations":[],"fundingReferences":[{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/0439y7842","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","awardTitle":"MEASURING AND REPRODUCING THE 3D APPEARANCE OF HUMAN FACIAL SKIN UNDER VARYING ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS: A 3D IMAGING SYSTEM FOR HUMAN FACIAL SKIN","awardNumber":"EP/L001012/1"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/0439y7842","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","awardTitle":"MEASURING AND REPRODUCING THE 3D APPEARANCE OF HUMAN FACIAL SKIN UNDER VARYING ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS: A 3D IMAGING SYSTEM FOR HUMAN FACIAL SKIN","awardNumber":"EP/K040057/1"},{"funderIdentifierType":"ROR","funderName":"European Commission","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32","schemeUri":"https://ror.org","awardTitle":"Appearance Printing - 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This data spans from 2012 to 2024 and originates from eleven datasets curated by international laboratories in eight countries: the UK, Spain, China, Japan, Pakistan, Thailand, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. Each dataset follows a standardised measurement protocol to maintain data consistency.In the LeGSA, individual records provide extensive details including record number, data origin, subject identification, and skin type—categorised by ethnicity, gender, age, and body location. 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Lighting conditions for measurements were carefully controlled; all measurements were conducted under diffuse lighting conditions to avoid discrepancies associated with collimated light sources. This was facilitated by lighting systems integrated within the measurement instruments (SP). Such controlled environments guaranteed that the spectral data collected was accurate and consistent across all subjects and datasets.During the measurement, the portable spectrophotometer was brought to the subject, ensuring the sample area had no blemishes (e.g. hair, freckles, etc.) and had not been subjected to recent pressure (e.g. to promote blood flow). Areas with visible hair (e.g., the chin of male participants with beards) were avoided during measurements to ensure that only clear skin areas were included in the dataset. When using a spectrophotometer, care was taken to ensure the instrument was gently in contact with the area of skin to be measured, to prevent extraneous light from reaching the detector (see Figure 1b). It was also necessary to be careful that no excessive pressure was applied to the skin when contacting the device, which might lead to a change in its colour due to the promotion of blood flow beneath the surface. Measurement parameters mentioned in the last section, such as the geometry of illumination and the inclusion of the specular component, must be checked before measurement. Measurements were taken at 4-10 different body locations depending on the site, with the forehead, cheek, and back of the hand covered by all sites. For consistency, measurements were taken from one randomly selected side (left or right) of each subject. Laterality was generally not recorded, except for Datasets 7 and 8, which included bilateral cheek measurements. 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