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object-src 'none'; report-uri /w/api.php?action=cspreport&format=json; report-to csp-report-to-endpoint last-modified: Mon, 29 Jun 2026 15:55:59 GMT content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 age: 2 accept-ranges: bytes x-cache: cp2047 miss, cp2047 miss x-cache-status: miss server-timing: cache;desc="miss", host;desc="cp2047" strict-transport-security: max-age=106384710; includeSubDomains; preload report-to: { "group": "wm_nel", "max_age": 604800, "endpoints": [{ "url": "https://intake-logging.wikimedia.org/v1/events?stream=w3c.reportingapi.network_error&schema_uri=/w3c/reportingapi/network_error/1.0.0" }] } nel: { "report_to": "wm_nel", "max_age": 604800, "failure_fraction": 0.05, "success_fraction": 0.0} set-cookie: WMF-Last-Access=02-Jul-2026;Path=/;HttpOnly;secure;Expires=Mon, 03 Aug 2026 12:00:00 GMT set-cookie: WMF-Last-Access-Global=02-Jul-2026;Path=/;Domain=.wikipedia.org;HttpOnly;secure;Expires=Mon, 03 Aug 2026 12:00:00 GMT set-cookie: WMF-DP=ecd;Path=/;HttpOnly;secure;Expires=Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT x-client-ip: 75.28.18.94 cache-control: private, s-maxage=0, max-age=0, must-revalidate, no-transform vary: Accept-Encoding,X-Subdomain,Cookie,Authorization,User-Agent set-cookie: GeoIP=US:TX:McKinney:33.20:-96.62:v4; Path=/; secure; Domain=.wikipedia.org set-cookie: NetworkProbeLimit=0.001;Path=/;Secure;SameSite=None;Max-Age=3600 set-cookie: WMF-Uniq=_Qaf8AOxlsTfdFiyG5glBQORAAAAAFvd9iS_vM2zevqVtZ2fvC5Wl8xa79ISHTDV;Domain=.wikipedia.org;Path=/;HttpOnly;secure;SameSite=None;Expires=Fri, 02 Jul 2027 00:00:00 GMT transfer-encoding: chunked x-request-id: af97d3e9-16d7-4d73-86a4-053860a2e07e x-analytics: 8000 Packet delay variation - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Terminology 2 Measurement of packet delay variation 3 PDV diagrams 4 Limiting PDV or its effects 5 See also 6 References Toggle the table of contents Packet delay variation 4 languages العربية Français 日本語 Shqip Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Action 8000 s Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Switch to legacy parser Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Difference of delay of packets in computer networking "Delay variation" redirects here. For general timing variation, see Jitter . This article needs more citations . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Packet delay variation" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( May 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) In computer networking , packet delay variation ( PDV ) is the difference in end-to-end one-way delay between selected packets in a flow with any lost packets being ignored. [ 1 ] The effect is sometimes referred to as packet jitter , although the definition is an imprecise fit. Terminology [ edit ] The term PDV is defined in ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540, Internet protocol data communication service - IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters , section 6.2. In computer networking , although not in electronics , usage of the term jitter may cause confusion. From RFC 3393 (section 1.1): The variation in packet delay is sometimes called "jitter". This term, however, causes confusion because it is used in different ways by different groups of people. ... In this document we will avoid the term "jitter" whenever possible and stick to delay variation which is more precise. Measurement of packet delay variation [ edit ] The means of packet selection for measurement is not specified in RFC 3393, but could, for example, be the packets that had the largest variation in delay in a selected time period. The delay is specified from the start of the packet being transmitted at the source to the start of the packet being received at the destination. A component of the delay that does not vary from packet to packet can be ignored. If the packet sizes are the same and packets always take the same time to be processed at the destination, then the time the end of the packet is received could be used instead of the time the beginning is received. Instantaneous packet delay variation is the difference between successive packets—here RFC 3393 does specify the selection criteria—and this is usually what is loosely termed jitter , although jitter is also sometimes the term used for the variance of the packet delay. As an example, say packets are transmitted every 20 ms. If the second packet is received 30 ms after the first packet, IPDV = +10 ms. This is referred to as dispersion . If the second packet is received 10 ms after the first packet, IPDV = −10 ms. This is referred to as clumping . PDV diagrams [ edit ] It is also possible to visualize (I)PDV measurements, which makes interpreting and understanding the network easier, or (for bigger datasets) possible at all. One possible diagram type is a simple point cloud diagram in which the x-axis represents the packet number and the y-axis contains the corresponding (I)PDV values, one dot for each measurement. Another type is a distribution histogram, which is more useful for bigger datasets or even comparisons of different paths or technologies. Limiting PDV or its effects [ edit ] The effects of PDV in multimedia streams can be mitigated by a properly sized buffer at the receiver. As long as the bandwidth can support the stream, and the buffer size is sufficient, buffering only causes a detectable delay before the start of media playback. However, for interactive real-time applications, e.g., voice over IP (VoIP), PDV can be a serious issue and hence VoIP transmissions may need quality-of-service –enabled networks to provide a high-quality channel. See also [ edit ] Latency (engineering) References [ edit ] ↑ RFC 3393 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Packet_delay_variation&oldid=1337827506 " Category : Network architecture Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles needing additional references from May 2024 All articles needing additional references This page was last edited on 11 February 2026, at 17:43  (UTC) . Page was rendered with Parsoid . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. 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