ve to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Design 2 History 3 Implementations Toggle Implementations subsection 3.1 Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine 4 Software Toggle Software subsection 4.1 Desktop browsers 4.2 Mobile browsers 5 Tools and ecosystem Toggle Tools and ecosystem subsection 5.1 Utilities 5.2 Games 5.3 Content creation 5.4 Environment-based tools 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Toggle the table of contents WebGL 30 languages Български Català Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Eesti فارسی Suomi Français Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano 日本語 한국어 Lietuvių Latviešu Nederlands Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Српски / srpski ไทย Türkçe Українська Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча 中文 Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia JavaScript bindings for OpenGL in web browsers WebGL Original author Mozilla Foundation Developer Khronos WebGL Working Group Release March 3, 2011 ; 15 years ago  ( 2011-03-03 ) [ 1 ] Stable release 2.0 / January 17, 2017 ; 9 years ago  ( 2017-01-17 ) Platform Cross-platform Type API Website www .khronos .org /webgl / HTML HTML and variants Dynamic HTML HTML5 XHTML Basic Mobile Profile HTML elements and attributes HTML element article audio blink canvas div and span marquee meta video HTML attribute alt attribute HTML frame Editing HTML editor Text editor Character encodings and language Character encodings Character entity references (named characters) Unicode Language code Document and browser models Document Object Model Browser Object Model Style sheets CSS Font family Web colors Client-side scripting and APIs JavaScript WebCL HTMX Graphics and Web3D technology Web3D WebGL WebGPU WebXR W3C Validator WHATWG Quirks mode Web storage Rendering engine Comparisons Document markup languages Comparison of browser engines v t e WebGL (short for Web Graphics Library ) is a JavaScript API for rendering interactive 2D and 3D graphics within any compatible web browser without the use of plug-ins . [ 2 ] WebGL is fully integrated with other web standards , allowing GPU -accelerated usage of physics, image processing, and effects in the HTML canvas . WebGL elements can be mixed with other HTML elements and composited with other parts of the page or page background. [ 3 ] WebGL programs consist of control code written in JavaScript, and shader code written in OpenGL ES Shading Language (GLSL ES, sometimes referred to as ESSL), a language similar to C or C++ . WebGL code is executed on a computer's GPU. WebGL is designed and maintained by the non-profit Khronos Group . [ 4 ] On February 9, 2022, Khronos Group announced WebGL 2.0 support from all major browsers. [ 5 ] From 2024, a new graphics API, WebGPU , is being developed to supersede WebGL. WebGPU provides extended capabilities, a more modern interface, and direct GPU access, which is useful for demanding graphics as well as AI applications. Design [ edit ] WebGL 1.0 is based on OpenGL ES 2.0 and provides an API for 3D graphics. [ 6 ] It uses the HTML5 canvas element and is accessed using Document Object Model (DOM) interfaces. WebGL 2.0 is based on OpenGL ES 3.0 . It guarantees the availability of many optional extensions of WebGL 1.0, and exposes new APIs. [ 7 ] Automatic memory management is provided implicitly by JavaScript . [ 4 ] Like OpenGL ES 2.0, WebGL lacks the fixed-function APIs introduced in OpenGL 1.0 and deprecated in OpenGL 3.0. This functionality, if required, has to be implemented by the developer using shader code and JavaScript. Shaders in WebGL are written in GLSL and passed to the WebGL API as text strings. The WebGL implementation compiles these strings to GPU code. This code is executed for each vertex sent through the API and for each pixel rasterized to the screen. History [ edit ] WebGL evolved out of the Canvas 3D experiments started by Vladimir Vukićević at Mozilla . Vukićević first demonstrated a Canvas 3D prototype in 2006. By the end of 2007, both Mozilla [ 8 ] and Opera [ 9 ] had made their own separate implementations. In early 2009, the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group started the WebGL Working Group, with initial participation from Apple , Google , Mozilla, Opera , and others. [ 4 ] [ 10 ] Version 1.0 of the WebGL specification was released March 2011. [ 1 ] An early application of WebGL was Zygote Body . [ 11 ] [ 12 ] In November 2012 Autodesk announced that they ported most of their applications to the cloud running on local WebGL clients. These applications included Autodesk Fusion and AutoCAD . [ 13 ] Development of the WebGL 2 specification started in 2013 and finished in January 2017. [ 14 ] The specification is based on OpenGL ES 3.0. [ 15 ] First implementations are in Firefox 51, Chrome 56 and Opera 43. [ 16 ] Implementations [ edit ] Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine [ edit ] Main article: ANGLE (software) Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine (ANGLE) is an open source graphic engine which implements WebGL 1.0 (2.0 which closely conforms to ES 3.0) and OpenGL ES 2.0 and 3.0 standards. It is a default backend for both Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox on Windows platforms and works by translating WebGL and OpenGL calls to available platform-specific APIs. ANGLE currently provides access to OpenGL ES 2.0 and 3.0 to desktop OpenGL, OpenGL ES, Direct3D 9, and Direct3D 11 APIs. [ 17 ] ″[Google] Chrome uses ANGLE for all graphics rendering on Windows, including the accelerated Canvas2D implementation and the Native Client sandbox environment.″ [ 17 ] Software [ edit ] WebGL is widely supported by modern browsers. However, its availability depends on other factors, too, like whether the GPU supports it. The official WebGL website offers a simple test page. [ 18 ] More detailed information (like what renderer the browser uses, and what extensions are available) can be found at third-party websites. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Desktop browsers [ edit ] Source: [ 2 ] Google Chrome – WebGL 1.0 has been enabled on all platforms that have a capable graphics card with updated drivers since version 9, released in February 2011. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] By default on Windows, Chrome uses the ANGLE (Almost Native Graphics Layer Engine) renderer to translate OpenGL ES to Direct X 9.0c or 11.0, which have better driver support. [ 23 ] However, on Linux and Mac OS X, the default renderer is OpenGL. [ 24 ] It is also possible to force OpenGL as the renderer on Windows. [ 23 ] Since September 2013, Chrome also has a newer Direct3D 11 renderer, which requires a newer graphics card. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Chrome 56+ supports WebGL 2.0. Firefox – WebGL 1.0 has been enabled on all platforms that have a capable graphics card with updated drivers since version 4.0. [ 27 ] Since 2013 Firefox also uses DirectX on the Windows platform via ANGLE . [ 23 ] Firefox 51+ supports WebGL 2.0. Safari – Safari 6.0 and newer versions installed on OS X Mountain Lion , Mac OS X Lion and Safari 5.1 on Mac OS X Snow Leopard implemented support for WebGL 1.0, which was disabled by default before Safari 8.0. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Safari version 12 (available in MacOS Mojave) has available support for WebGL 2.0 as an "Experimental" feature. Safari 15 enables WebGL 2.0 for all users. [ 33 ] Opera – WebGL 1.0 has been implemented in Opera 11 and 12, but was disabled by default in 2014. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Opera 43+ supports WebGL 2.0. Internet Explorer – WebGL 1.0 is partially supported in Internet Explorer 11 . [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] Internet Explorer initially failed most of the official WebGL conformance tests, but Microsoft later released several updates. The latest 0.94 WebGL engine currently passes ≈97% of Khronos tests. [ 40 ] WebGL support can also be manually added to earlier versions of Internet Explorer using third-party plugins such as IEWebGL. [ 41 ] Microsoft Edge – For Microsoft Edge Legacy, the initial stable release supports WebGL version 0.95 (context name: "experimental-webgl") with an open source GLSL to HLSL transpiler . [ 42 ] Version 10240+ supports WebGL 1.0 as prefixed. Latest Chromium-based Edge supports WebGL 2.0. Mobile browsers [ edit ] Google Chrome – WebGL 1.0 is supported on Android as of Chrome 25. [ 43 ] WebGL 2.0 is supported on Android as of Chrome 58. [ 44 ] Chrome is used for the Android system webview as of Android 5. [ 45 ] Firefox for mobile – WebGL 1.0 is available for Android devices since Firefox 4. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] Safari on iOS – WebGL 1.0 is available for mobile Safari in iOS 8 . [ 48 ] WebGL 2.0 is available for mobile Safari in iOS 15. [ 44 ] Microsoft Edge – Prefixed WebGL 1.0 was available on Windows 10 Mobile. [ 49 ] . Latest Chromium-based Edge supports WebGL 2.0. Opera Mobile – Opera Mobile 12 supports WebGL 1.0 (on Android only). [ 50 ] Sailfish OS – WebGL 1.0 is supported in the default Sailfish browser. [ 51 ] Tizen – WebGL 1.0 is supported [ 52 ] Tools and ecosystem [ edit ] Utilities [ edit ] The low-level nature of the WebGL API, which provides little on its own to quickly create desirable 3D graphics, motivated the creation of higher-level libraries that abstract common operations (e.g. loading scene graphs and 3D objects in certain formats; applying linear transformations to shaders or view frustums ). Some such libraries were ported to JavaScript from other languages. Examples of libraries that provide high-level features include A-Frame (VR) , BabylonJS, PlayCanvas , three.js , OSG.JS , Google ’s model-viewer and CopperLicht . Web3D also made a project called X3DOM to make X3D and VRML content run on WebGL. Games [ edit ] There has been an emergence of 2D and 3D game engines for WebGL, [ 53 ] such as Unreal Engine 4 and Unity . [ 54 ] The Stage3D /Flash-based Away3D high-level library also has a port to WebGL via TypeScript . [ 25 ] [ 55 ] A more light-weight utility library that provides just the vector and matrix math utilities for shaders is sylvester.js. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] It is sometimes used in conjunction with a WebGL specific extension called glUtils.js. [ 56 ] [ 58 ] There are also some 2D libraries built atop WebGL, like Cocos2d -x or Pixi.js , which were implemented this way for performance reasons in a move that parallels what happened with the Starling Framework over Stage3D in the Flash world. The WebGL-based 2D libraries fall back to HTML5 canvas when WebGL is not available. [ 59 ] Removing the rendering bottleneck by giving almost direct access to the GPU has exposed performance limitations in the JavaScript implementations. Some were addressed by asm.js and WebAssembly (similarly, the introduction of Stage3D exposed performance problems within ActionScript , which were addressed by projects like CrossBridge ). [ 59 ] Content creation [ edit ] As with any other graphics API, creating content for WebGL scenes requires using a 3D content creation tool and exporting the scene to a format that is readable by the viewer or helper library. Desktop 3D authoring software such as Blender , Autodesk Maya or SimLab Composer can be used for this purpose. In particular, Blend4Web allows a WebGL scene to be authored entirely in Blender and exported to a browser with a single click, even as a standalone web page. [ 60 ] There are also some WebGL-specific software such as CopperCube and the online WebGL-based editor Clara.io . Online platforms such as Sketchfab and Clara.io allow users to directly upload their 3D models and display them using a hosted WebGL viewer. Environment-based tools [ edit ] Starting from Firefox Version 27, Mozilla has given Firefox built-in WebGL tools that allow the editing of vertices and fragment shaders. [ 61 ] A number of other debugging and profiling tools have also emerged. [ 62 ] See also [ edit ] List of WebGL frameworks Experience Curiosity – WebGL simulation of the Mars rover Curiosity glTF – originally known as WebGL Transmissions Format or WebGL TF WebXR Java OpenGL – OpenGL library for the Java programming language WebGPU References [ edit ] ^ a b "Khronos Releases Final WebGL 1.0 Specification" . 3 March 2011 . Retrieved 2015-05-18 . ^ a b "WebGL Fundamentals" . HTML5 Rocks. ^ Parisi, Tony (2012-08-15). "WebGL: Up and Running" . O'Reilly Media, Incorporated . Retrieved 2012-07-13 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ( link ) ^ a b c "WebGL – OpenGL ES 2.0 for the Web" . Khronos.org . Retrieved 2011-05-14 . ^ "WebGL 2.0 Achieves Pervasive Support from all Major Web Browsers" . 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Chromium Blog . ^ a b "WebGL around the net, 17 Oct 2013 - Learning WebGL" . learningwebgl.com . Archived from the original on 8 August 2014 . Retrieved 5 August 2014 . ^ "At last! Chrome D3D11 day has come!" . tojicode.com . ^ "Mozilla Firefox 4 Release Notes" . Mozilla.com. 2011-03-22 . Retrieved 2012-03-20 . ^ "New in OS X Lion: Safari 5.1 brings WebGL, Do Not Track and more" . Fairerplatform.com. 2011-05-03. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19 . Retrieved 2012-03-20 . ^ "Enable WebGL in Safari" . Ikriz.nl. 2011-08-23. Archived from the original on 2012-03-04 . Retrieved 2012-03-20 . ^ "Getting a WebGL Implementation" . Khronos.org. 2012-01-13 . Retrieved 2012-03-20 . ^ "Implementations/WebKit" . Khronos.org. 2011-09-03 . Retrieved 2012-03-20 . ^ "WebGL Now Available in WebKit Nightlies" . Webkit.org. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08 . Retrieved 2012-03-20 . ^ modeless (2021-09-24). "Safari 15 is released. WebGL 2 is now supported in every major browser and platform!" . r/webgl . Retrieved 2023-10-18 . ^ "WebGL and Hardware Acceleration" . My.opera.com. 2011-02-28. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03 . Retrieved 2012-03-20 . ^ "Introducing Opera 12 alpha" . My.opera.com. 2011-10-13. Archived from the original on 2011-10-15 . Retrieved 2012-03-20 . ^ "WebGL (Windows)" . microsoft.com . Microsoft. ^ "Internet Explorer 11 Preview guide for developers" . Microsoft. 2013-07-17 . Retrieved 2013-07-24 . ^ "WebGL" . Microsoft. 2013-07-17 . Retrieved 2013-07-24 . ^ "Internet Explorer 11 to support WebGL and MPEG Dash" . Engadget. 2013-06-26 . Retrieved 2013-06-26 . ^ "IE11 fails more than half tests in official WebGL conformance test suite" . Microsoft Connect. ^ "IEWebGL" . Iewebgl . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . ^ "GitHub - Microsoft Edge WebGL Implementation" . Microsoft. 2016-06-04 . Retrieved 2016-06-10 . ^ "WebGL: 2D and 3D graphics for the web - Web APIs - MDN" . Retrieved 2023-06-28 . ^ a b "WebGL 2.0 - Can I use..." Retrieved 2023-06-28 . ^ "Chrome for Android and Webview" . Retrieved 2025-06-09 . ^ "WebGL on Mobile Devices" . iChemLabs. 2011-11-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-27 . Retrieved 2011-11-25 . ^ "Mobile HTML5 compatibility on iPhone, Android, Windows Phone, BlackBerry, Firefox OS and other mobile devices" . Retrieved 2015-09-16 . ^ Cunningham, Andrew (2014-09-17). "iOS 8, Thoroughly Reviewed" . Ars Technica . Retrieved 2014-09-19 . ^ "Dev guide: WebGL – Microsoft Edge Development" . Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2016-10-08 . Retrieved 2016-06-10 . ^ "Opera Mobile 12" . Opera Software. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012 . Retrieved 27 February 2012 . ^ "HTML5test – How well does your browser support HTML5?" . Retrieved 2015-09-16 . ^ "HTML5test – How well does your browser support HTML5?" . Retrieved 2015-09-16 . ^ Parisi, Tony (13 February 2014). 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External links [ edit ] Official website WebGL at the Mozilla Developer Network v t e Web browsers Features, standards & protocols Features Bookmarks Extensions Privacy mode Web standards HTML v5 CSS DOM JavaScript WebAssembly Web storage IndexedDB WebGL WebGPU Protocols HTTP Encryption Cookies third-party OCSP WebRTC WebSocket Active Blink -based Proprietary Google Chrome Arc Atlas Avast Cốc Cốc Comet Comodo Ecosia Epic Huawei Maxthon Microsoft Edge Opera ( Mobile ) Puffin QQ Samsung Silk Sleipnir SRWare UC Vivaldi Whale Yandex FOSS Chromium Brave Dooble Falkon Otter Supermium ungoogled Gecko -based Firefox Floorp GNU IceCat LibreWolf Midori Mullvad SlimBrowser SeaMonkey (uses unnamed Gecko fork ) Tor Waterfox Zen Goanna-based Basilisk K-Meleon Pale Moon WebKit -based Safari GNOME Web iCab Orion Multi- engine 360 DuckDuckGo Konqueror Lunascape NetFront qutebrowser Other Dillo eww Flow Ladybird Links Lynx NetSurf Opera Mini w3m Discontinued Blink -based Beaker Citrio Flock Redcore Rockmelt SalamWeb Sputnik Torch Gecko -based Beonex Camino Classilla Conkeror Firefox Lite Galeon Ghostzilla IceDragon Kazehakase Kylo Lotus MicroB Minimo Mozilla suite PirateBrowser Pogo Strata Swiftfox TenFourFox Timberwolf Waterfox Classic xB MSHTML -based Internet Explorer AOL Deepnet GreenBrowser MediaBrowser MSN Explorer MSN Program Viewer NeoPlanet NetCaptor SpaceTime ZAC WebKit -based Arora BOLT Dolphin Fluid Google TV Iris Mercury Nokia Symbian OmniWeb Opera Coast Origyn QtWeb Shiira Steel surf Uzbl WebPositive xombrero Other abaco Amaya Arachne Arena Blazer Cake CM Deepfish Edge Legacy ELinks Gazelle HotJava IBM Home Page Reader IBM WebExplorer IBrowse Internet Explorer for Mac KidZui Line Mode Mosaic MSN TV NetPositive Netscape Skweezer Skyfire ThunderHawk Vision WinWAP WorldWideWeb List Comparison Category v t e Web interfaces Server-side Protocols HTTP v2 v3 Encryption WebDAV CGI SCGI FCGI AJP WSRP WebSocket Server APIs C NSAPI C ASAPI C ISAPI COM ASP Jakarta Servlet container CLI OWIN ASP.NET Handler Python WSGI Python ASGI Ruby Rack JavaScript JSGI Perl PSGI Portlet container Apache modules mod_include mod_jk mod_lisp mod_mono mod_parrot mod_perl mod_php mod_proxy mod_python mod_wsgi mod_ruby Phusion Passenger Topics Web service vs. Web resource WOA vs. ROA Open API Webhook Application server comparison Scripting Client-side Browser APIs C NPAPI LiveConnect XPConnect C NPRuntime C PPAPI NaCl ActiveX BHO XBAP Web APIs WHATWG Audio Canvas DOM SSE Video WebSockets Web messaging Web storage Web worker XMLHttpRequest W3C DOM events EME File Geolocation IndexedDB MSE SVG WebAssembly WebAuthn WebGPU WebRTC WebXR Khronos WebCL WebGL Others Gears Web SQL Database (formerly W3C) WebUSB Topics Ajax and Remote scripting vs. DHTML Browser extension Cross-site scripting and CORS Hydration Mashup Persistent data Web IDL Scripting Related topics Frontend and backend Microservices REST GraphQL Push technology Solution stack Web page Static Dynamic Web standards Web API security Web application Rich Single-page Progressive Web framework v t e Khronos Group Standards Active EGL glTF NNEF OpenCL OpenVG OpenVX OpenXR SPIR SYCL Vulkan Inactive COLLADA OpenGL ES SC WebGL OpenKODE OpenMAX OpenSL ES OpenWF WebCL Authority control databases International GND FAST National United States France BnF data Israel Other Yale LUX Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WebGL&oldid=1350693416 " Categories : WebGL 3D graphics APIs Cross-platform software Graphics libraries Graphics standards OpenGL Web development Virtual reality Augmented reality Hidden categories: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata This page was last edited on 23 April 2026, at 12:10  (UTC) . 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