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This article needs more citations . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Data-oriented design" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( July 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) In computing , data-oriented design is a program optimization approach motivated by efficient usage of the CPU cache , often used in video game development. [ 1 ] The approach is to focus on the data layout, separating and sorting fields according to when they are needed, and to think about transformations of data. Proponents include Mike Acton, [ 2 ] Scott Meyers , [ 3 ] and Jonathan Blow . The parallel array (or structure of arrays ) is the main example of data-oriented design. It is contrasted with the array of structures typical of object-oriented designs. The definition of data-oriented design as a programming paradigm can be seen as contentious as many believe that it can be used side by side with another paradigm, [ 4 ] but due to the emphasis on data layout, it is also incompatible with most other paradigms. [ 1 ] Motives [ edit ] These methods became especially popular in the mid to late 2000s during the seventh generation of video game consoles that included the IBM PowerPC based PlayStation 3 (PS3) and Xbox 360 consoles. Historically, game consoles often have relatively weak central processing units (CPUs) compared to the top-of-line desktop computer counterparts. This is a design choice to devote more power and transistor budget to the graphics processing units (GPUs). For example, the 7th generation CPUs were not manufactured with modern out-of-order execution processors, but instead use in-order processors with high clock speeds and deep pipelines . In addition, most types of computing systems have main memory located hundreds of clock cycles away from the processing elements . Furthermore, as CPUs have become faster alongside a large increase in main memory capacity, there is massive data consumption that increases the likelihood of cache misses in the shared bus , otherwise known as Von Neumann bottlenecking . Consequently, locality of reference methods have been used to control performance, requiring improvement of memory access patterns to fix bottlenecking. Some of the software issues were also similar to those encountered on the Itanium , requiring loop unrolling for upfront scheduling. Contrast with object orientation [ edit ] This section may contain original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( September 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) The claim is that traditional object-oriented programming (OOP) design principles result in poor data locality, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] more so if runtime polymorphism ( dynamic dispatch ) is used (which is especially problematic on some processors). [ 7 ] [ 1 ] Although OOP appears to "organise code around data", it actually organises source code around data types rather than physically grouping individual fields and arrays in an efficient format for access by specific functions. Moreover, it often hides layout details under abstraction layers , while a data-oriented programmer wants to consider this first and foremost. See also [ edit ] CPU cache Data-driven programming Entity component system Memory access pattern Video game development References [ edit ] 1 2 3 Llopis, Noel (December 4, 2009). "Data-oriented design" . Data-Oriented Design (Or Why You Might Be Shooting Yourself in The Foot With OOP) . Retrieved April 17, 2020 . ↑ "CppCon 2014: Mike Acton "Data-Oriented Design and C++" " . YouTube . 29 September 2014. ↑ "code::dive conference 2014 - Scott Meyers: Cpu Caches and Why You Care" . YouTube . 5 January 2015. ↑ Richard Fabian (October 8, 2018). "Data-Oriented Design" . www.dataorienteddesign.com . Retrieved 2023-12-20 . ↑ "INTEL ® HPC DEVELOPER CONFERENCE FUEL YOUR INSIGHT IMPROVE VECTORIZATION EFFICIENCY USING INTEL SIMD DATA LAYOUT TEMPLATE (INTEL SDLT)" (PDF) . ↑ Holger Homann; Francois Laenen (2018). "SoAx: A generic C++ Structure of Arrays for handling particles in HPC codes". Computer Physics Communications . 224 : 325– 332. arXiv : 1710.03462 . Bibcode : 2018CoPhC.224..325H . doi : 10.1016/j.cpc.2017.11.015 . S2CID 2878169 . ↑ "What's wrong with Object-Oriented Design? Where's the harm in it?" . describes the problems with virtual function calls, e.g., i-cache misses v t e Programming paradigms Imperative Structured Jackson structures Block-structured Modular Non-structured Procedural Programming in the large and in the small Design by contract Invariant-based Nested function Object-oriented Class-based , Prototype-based , Object-based Agent Immutable object Persistent Uniform function call syntax Declarative Functional Recursive Anonymous function ( Partial application ) Higher-order Purely functional Total Strict GADTs Dependent types Functional logic Point-free style Expression-oriented Applicative , Concatenative Function-level , Value-level Monad Dataflow Flow-based Reactive ( Functional reactive ) Signals Streams Synchronous Logic Abductive logic Answer set Constraint ( Constraint logic ) Inductive logic Nondeterministic Ontology Probabilistic logic Query Domain- specific language (DSL) Algebraic modeling Array Automata-based ( Action ) Command ( Spacecraft ) Differentiable End-user Grammar-oriented Interface description Language-oriented List comprehension Low-code Modeling Natural language Non-English-based Page description Pipes and filters Probabilistic Quantum Scientific Scripting Set-theoretic Simulation Stack-based System Tactile Templating Transformation ( Graph rewriting , Production , Pattern ) Visual Concurrent , parallel Actor-based Automatic mutual exclusion Choreographic programming Concurrent logic ( Concurrent constraint logic ) Concurrent OO Macroprogramming Multitier programming Organic computing Parallel programming models Partitioned global address space Process-oriented Relativistic programming Service-oriented Structured concurrency Metaprogramming Attribute-oriented Automatic ( Inductive ) Dynamic Extensible Generic Homoiconicity Interactive Macro ( Hygienic ) Metalinguistic abstraction Multi-stage Program synthesis ( Bayesian , by demonstration , by example , vibe coding ) Reflective Self-modifying code Symbolic Template Separation of concerns Aspects Components Data-driven Data-oriented Event-driven Features Literate Roles Subjects Comparisons/Lists Comparison ( multi-paradigm , object-oriented , functional ), List ( OO , by type ) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data-oriented_design&oldid=1330544974 " Categories : Software optimization Video game development Programming paradigms Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles needing additional references from July 2020 All articles needing additional references Articles that may contain original research from September 2021 All articles that may contain original research This page was last edited on 1 January 2026, at 01:51  (UTC) . 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