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object-src 'none'; report-uri /w/api.php?action=cspreport&format=json; report-to csp-report-to-endpoint last-modified: Sat, 20 Jun 2026 11:54:18 GMT content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 age: 0 accept-ranges: bytes x-cache: cp2047 hit, cp2047 miss x-cache-status: hit-local server-timing: cache;desc="hit-local", host;desc="cp2047" strict-transport-security: max-age=106384710; includeSubDomains; preload report-to: { "group": "wm_nel", "max_age": 604800, "endpoints": [{ "url": "https://intake-logging.wikimedia.org/v1/events?stream=w3c.reportingapi.network_error&schema_uri=/w3c/reportingapi/network_error/1.0.0" }] } nel: { "report_to": "wm_nel", "max_age": 604800, "failure_fraction": 0.05, "success_fraction": 0.0} set-cookie: WMF-Last-Access=03-Jul-2026;Path=/;HttpOnly;secure;Expires=Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT set-cookie: WMF-Last-Access-Global=03-Jul-2026;Path=/;Domain=.wikipedia.org;HttpOnly;secure;Expires=Tue, 04 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT set-cookie: WMF-DP=cdb;Path=/;HttpOnly;secure;Expires=Fri, 03 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT x-client-ip: 75.28.18.94 cache-control: private, s-maxage=0, max-age=0, must-revalidate, no-transform vary: Accept-Encoding,X-Subdomain,Cookie,Authorization,User-Agent set-cookie: GeoIP=US:TX:McKinney:33.20:-96.62:v4; Path=/; secure; Domain=.wikipedia.org set-cookie: NetworkProbeLimit=0.001;Path=/;Secure;SameSite=None;Max-Age=3600 set-cookie: WMF-Uniq=_an9JB--T0mt8nxtlZz-KAOSAAAAAFvdQYEbU1qewJS-nFaP-j6WpY1L48OB0Ru6;Domain=.wikipedia.org;Path=/;HttpOnly;secure;SameSite=None;Expires=Sat, 03 Jul 2027 00:00:00 GMT transfer-encoding: chunked x-request-id: 26fae637-7bad-42ea-9788-205a52c5ac6a x-analytics: 8000 Geometric modeling kernel - Wikipedia Jump to content Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Special pages Search Search Appearance Donate Create account Log in Personal tools Donate Create account Log in Contents move to sidebar hide (Top) 1 Kernel market 2 Kernel developers 3 References Toggle the table of contents Geometric modeling kernel 4 languages Deutsch Français Русский Українська Edit links Article Talk English Read Edit View history Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions Read Edit View history General What links here Related changes Upload file Permanent link Page information Cite this page Get shortened URL Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikidata item Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 3D modeling software component A geometric modeling kernel is a solid modeling software component used in computer-aided design (CAD) packages. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Available modelling kernels include: ACIS is developed and licensed by Spatial Corporation of Dassault Systèmes . SMLib is developed by Solid Modeling Solutions . [ 3 ] Convergence Geometric Modeler [ 4 ] is developed by Dassault Systèmes . Parasolid is developed and licensed by Siemens . Romulus was a predecessor to Parasolid. ShapeManager [ 5 ] is developed by Autodesk and was forked from ACIS in 2001. Granite [ 6 ] is developed by Parametric Technology Corporation . C3D Modeler is developed by C3D Labs, part of the ASCON Group . [ 7 ] [ 8 ] CGAL is an open-source Computational Geometry Algorithms Library which has support for Boolean operations on Polyhedra; but no sweep, revolve or NURBS . Open CASCADE is an open-source modeling kernel. sgCore is a freeware proprietary modeling kernel distributed as an SDK. [ 9 ] K3 kernel [ 10 ] is developed by Center GeoS . SOLIDS++ [ 11 ] is developed by IntegrityWare, Inc. APM Engine [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] is developed by RSDC APM . KCM [ 15 ] is developed and licensed by Kubotek Kosmos [ 16 ] SvLis Geometric Kernel became opensource and discontinued, for Windows only. IRIT modeling environment, for Windows only. [ 17 ] GTS [ 18 ] GNU Triangulated Surface Library, for polygon meshes only and not surfaces. Russian Geometric Kernel . Geometry Kernel , [ 19 ] a multi-platform C++ library with source code accessible for clients, developed and distributed by RDF - Geometry Kernel web site . SolveSpace has its own integrated parametric solid geometry kernel with a limited NURBS support. Kernel market [ edit ] The kernel market currently is dominated by Parasolid and ACIS , which were introduced in the late 1980s. The latest kernel to enter the market is KCM . ShapeManager has no presence in the kernel licensing market and in 2001 Autodesk clearly stated they were not going into this business. [ citation needed ] The world's newest geometric modeling kernel is Russian Geometric Kernel owned by the Russian government, and it is not clear if it is going to be commercially available, despite offering unique features over the other kernels on the market. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Kernel developers [ edit ] The table below contains a representative list of developers developing their own kernel or licensing the kernel from a third-party. [ 24 ] Platforms Domain Kernel Application Developed by Country Windows CAD , AEC Open CASCADE 4MCAD IntelliCAD 4M S.A. Greece Windows MCAD ACIS / KCM KeyCreator Kubotek Kosmos United States Windows MCAD C3D KOMPAS-3D ASCON Group Russia Windows AEC C3D KOMPAS-Builder ASCON Group Russia Windows CAD C3D + K3 kernel K3-Furniture Center GeoS Russia Windows AEC C3D Renga Architecture [ 25 ] [ 26 ] ASCON Group Russia iPad , Windows MCAD Parasolid Shapr3D Shapr3D zrt. Hungary Android MCAD C3D KOMPAS:24 ASCON Group Russia Windows CAD C3D Modeler for Teigha Platform / ACIS nanoCAD Plus NanoSoft Russia Windows MCAD Parasolid T-FLEX Top Systems Russia Windows MCAD APM Engine APM Studio APM Russia Windows CAM C3D TECHTRAN NIP-Informatic Russia Windows CAD C3D PASSAT NTP Truboprovod Archived 2015-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Russia Windows , Mac CAD , CAM Own Kernel Rhinoceros 3D Robert McNeel and Associates United States Windows CAD C3D ESPRIT Extra CAD LO CNITI , Rubius Russia Windows CAD C3D BAZIS System BAZIS Center Russia Windows CAE Parasolid Adams MSC Software United States Windows CAD , CAM , CAPP switch from ACIS to C3D [ 27 ] ADEM ADEM Group Russia Windows CAE Parasolid ADINA Modeler ADINA R&D Inc. United States Windows CAD , AEC , GIS ShapeManager AutoCAD Autodesk United States Windows MCAD ShapeManager Inventor Autodesk United States Windows , Mac Solid Modeler & Machiner ShapeManager Autodesk Fusion Autodesk United States Windows , Linux , Mac MCAD , AEC ACIS BricsCAD Bricsys Belgium Windows , Mac CAD , CAM , CAE Parasolid Siemens NX Siemens Digital Industries Software United States, Germany Windows MCAD Parasolid SolidFace SolidFace United States, Brazil Windows MCAD Parasolid (previous versions used ACIS ) Solid Edge Siemens Digital Industries Software United States, Germany Windows MCAD Parasolid SolidWorks Dassault Systèmes United States, France Windows AEC Parasolid (previous versions used ACIS ) MicroStation Bentley Systems United States Windows , Unix CAD , CAM , CAE , AEC Convergence Geometric Modeler CATIA Dassault Systèmes France Windows Solid Modeler GRANITE [ 28 ] Creo Elements Parametric Technology Corporation United States Windows CAD GRANITE [ 28 ] Creo Parametric Parametric Technology Corporation United States SaaS Solid Modeler Parasolid , [ 29 ] FeatureScript Onshape Onshape United States Windows , SaaS Solid Modeler Parasolid & ACIS IRONCAD IRONCAD United States Windows CAD ACIS GstarCAD Suzhou Gstarsoft Co., Ltd China Windows , Mac AEC , BIM Own Kernel ArchiCAD Graphisoft Hungary Windows , Linux , Mac MCAD , AEC ACIS ZW3D ZWSoft China Windows MCAD ACIS Cimatron 3D Systems (Cimatron Ltd.) Israel Windows MCAD ACIS [ 30 ] SpaceClaim ANSYS Inc United States Windows MCAD European Solid Modeller ESM [ 31 ] HiCAD ISD Group German Mac, Windows MCAD ACIS [ 30 ] Cobalt , Xenon, Argon Ashlar United States Windows , Linux CAD Optimization Own Kernel [ 32 ] CAESES Friendship Systems Germany Windows , macOS , Linux , CAD , CAM , BIM Open Cascade , Coin3D , FreeCAD FreeCAD Windows , macOS , Linux , iOS , Android CAD , AEC , BIM Geometry Kernel IFCEngine , STEPEngine RDF Bulgaria Windows CAD , AEC Overdrive ZW3D , ZWCAD ZWSoft China Windows CAD , Reverse Engineering ACIS Zeiss Reverse Engineering ZEISS Industrial Metrology Germany Windows , macOS , Linux MCAD Parasolid Plasticity Plastic Software, LLC United States References [ edit ] ^ Tyrka, Katherine (2001-12-01). "Kernel strategies" . Design News. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27 . Retrieved 2006-12-28 . ^ Shah, Jami (2004-06-27). Parametric and Feature-Based CAD/CAM . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 449. ISBN   0-471-00214-3 . ^ SMLib ^ Yares, Evan. "Spatial, ACIS, CGM, and the future of geometric modelers" . 3D CAD World . Retrieved 18 May 2013 . ^ "Autodesk - Produktivität, Performance und Präzision: Neue Version der Autodesk Inventor-Familie" . www.autodesk.de . Archived from the original on 15 March 2012 . Retrieved 12 January 2022 . ^ "GRANITE Interoperability Kernel FAQ" . PTC Inc. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013 . Retrieved 18 May 2013 . ^ Levin, David. "Geometric Kernels and Irremovability of Presidents from Office" . LEDAS Ltd . Retrieved April 15, 2013 . ^ Yares, Evan (April 2013). "Russian CAD" . Design World . 8 (4). WTWH Media, LLC. ISSN   1941-7217 . Archived from the original on 2015-01-30 . Retrieved 2015-01-30 . ^ "Geometros Solid Geometry Engine for C++, C#, Objective-C, Java - sgCore" . www.geometros.com . Retrieved 2019-10-02 . ^ "About the developer" . Innovation and research center "GeoS". Archived from the original on 9 July 2016 . Retrieved 9 August 2016 . ^ "SOLIDS++" . IntegrityWare, Inc . Retrieved 17 August 2016 . ^ "APM Studio" . Research and Software Development Centre APM. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016 . Retrieved 18 August 2016 . ^ "Геометрическое ядро APM Engine" . sapr . Retrieved 18 August 2016 . ^ "На ядре" . isicad . Retrieved 18 August 2016 . ^ "3D Software Development with Kubotek Kosmos" . Kubotek Kosmos . Retrieved 26 May 2023 . ^ "Kubotek Kosmos Announces the 5.0 Release of its 3D Framework Modeling Kernel" . EIN Presswire . Retrieved 13 April 2023 . ^ "The IRIT modeling environment - Home Page" . www.cs.technion.ac.il . Archived from the original on 2019-10-19 . Retrieved 2019-10-02 . ^ "GTS - The GNU Triangulated Surface Library" . gts.sourceforge.net . Retrieved 2019-10-02 . ^ "Geometry Kernel Library Packages" . www.rdf.bg . RDF. ^ "Russian 3D-kernel RGK: Functionality, Advantages, and Integration" . Isicad.net . 2013-05-24 . Retrieved 2016-07-27 . ^ "Does the CAD world need another geometry kernel?" . gfxspeak.com . 2013-06-06 . Retrieved 2016-08-17 . ^ "Features of RGK" . RGK . Retrieved 15 August 2016 . ^ "Вопрос распараллеливания в разработке ядра геометрического моделирования" (PDF) . Singularis Lab. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2022 . Retrieved 15 August 2016 . ^ Ushakov, Dmitry. "Russian National 3D Kernel" . LEDAS Ltd . Retrieved April 3, 2012 . ^ "Renga Architecture" . ASCON Group. 2015-03-17. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02 . Retrieved 2015-03-19 . ^ "Renga Architecture is brand-new AEC software by an MCAD vendor" . WorldCAD Access. 2015-03-13. ^ "Геометрическое ядро C3D станет частью российской CAM-системы ADEM" . c3dlabs.com. December 20, 2021. ^ a b "Creo GRANITE Interoperability Kernel" . ^ "How Does Onshape Really Work?" . ^ a b "SpaceClaim General FAQ" . ^ "Software für 2D-/3D-CAD und PDM | HiCAD und HELiOS" . ^ "CAESES Software › CAESES" . v t e Computer-aided design (CAD) software Free and open-source Mechanical 2D (CADD) LibreCAD QCAD rattleCAD SteamCAD XTrackCAD  [ uk ] 2D/3D (CAx/FEx) BRL-CAD FreeCAD FREE!ship  [ uk ] gCAD3D LeoCAD OpenRocket  [ uk ] OpenSCAD OpenVSP Salome SolveSpace XFLR5  [ uk ] Architectural (AEC) Sweet Home 3D Electrical Electric FreePCB Fritzing gEDA Horizon EDA KiCad kTechLab Magic ngspice Oregano pcb-rnd QUCS SPICE XCircuit Optical Astree/Foucault2 ATMOS Geopter Inkscape#Ray Optics FreeCAD#Optics Workbench Garment Inkscape#Ink/Stitch Valentina Proprietary Mechanical ABViewer Alibre Design AutoCAD Autodesk Alias Autodesk Inventor AutoTURN BrickLink Studio BricsCAD CATIA Cimatron Cobalt Creo Elements/Direct Drafting Creo Parametric DesignSpark Mechanical FastCAD (EasyCAD) FINE FORAN Fusion 360 GstarCAD IRONCAD KeyCreator ( CADKEY ) Lego Digital Designer MEDUSA4 MicroStation NX Onshape PDMS Pro/DESKTOP Rhinoceros 3D Grasshopper 3D rattleCAD 4.0 Shapr3D Solid Edge SolidWorks Sonata ( RUCAPS ) SpaceClaim T-FLEX CAD Tinkercad TurboCAD VariCAD ZWCAD Architectural (AEC) Archicad Autodesk Revit LIRA  [ uk ] List of building information modeling software Electrical Allegro ( OrCAD ) Altium Designer ( Protel ( Autotrax ( Easytrax , Tango PCB )), P-CAD ) AutoCAD Electrical BoardStation, IntegraStation, PADS, Xpedition CADSTAR CircuitMaker CR-2000, CR-3000 , CR-5000 , CR-8000 DesignSpark PCB DipTrace EAGLE EasyEDA LTspice Micro-Cap Multisim PCB Proteus Pulsonix SolidWorks Electrical TARGET TopoR ( Delta Design , FreeStyle ) Ultiboard Upverter Optical Aber OSLO Zemax Garment Clo3D Embird File formats 3MF ACIS AMF C3D CKD DSN DWF DWFX DWG DXF IGES OBJ OpenDWG PLY PSpice SES STEP STL Modeling kernels ACIS C3D Digital Geometric Kernel ( KernelCAD ) IntelliCAD Open Cascade Technology Open Design Alliance ( Teigha ) Romulus ( Parasolid ) RGK ShapeManager SMLib Historic DAC-1 (1963) Sketchpad (1963) UNISURF (1968) Italics = discontinued Computer-aided industrial design • Comparison • History Media related to CAD at Wikimedia Commons • Engineering portal • Glossary of terms Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geometric_modeling_kernel&oldid=1352719041 " Categories : 3D graphics software Computer-aided design Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022 Webarchive template wayback links This page was last edited on 5 May 2026, at 21:32  (UTC) . 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