The fuller name, Okapi BM25, includes the name of the first system to use it, which was the Okapi information retrieval system, implemented at London's City University[1] in the 1980s and 1990s

In the 2021 BEIR study BM25 was a robust zero-shot baseline and re-ranking and late-interaction models gave the best zero-shot quality at high computational cost

NOTE: ACM DL title omits the trailing word Research; the project site and arXiv include it

[7] It was initially available for download from its home at the SourceForge web site

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Formerly, the term "power" referred to an instrument signed under seal while a "letter" was an instrument under hand, meaning that it was simply signed by the parties, but today a power of attorney does not need to be signed under seal

Geographic redundancy has become important in the data center industry, to safeguard data against natural disasters and political instability (see below)

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Section 9: Attribution and effect of an electronic record and electronic signatures (a) An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person

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Background of the problem [ edit ] Prior to SNI, when making a TLS connection, the client had no way to specify which site it was trying to connect to

com /lxc Linux Containers ( LXC ) is an operating system-level virtualization method for running multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a control host using a single Linux kernel

An embossed foil Notary Seal from the State of New York A notary public ( a

Description [ edit ] The USA's E-Sign Act , [ 7 ] [ 8 ] signed June 30, 2000 by President Clinton was described months later as "more like a seal than a signature

com /cuda-zone CUDA ( Compute Unified Device Architecture ) is a proprietary [ 3 ] parallel computing platform and application programming interface (API) developed by the American technology corporation Nvidia that allows software to use certain types of graphics processing units (GPUs) for accelerated general

In 1981, Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (Convention 108) was introduced

[ 1 ] Procedurally generated textures Procedural generation was originally created as an instrument for video games, aiding in generating levels, textures and complete worlds with little human contribution

The first namespace introduced was the mount namespace, pioneered by kernel developer Al Viro, which isolated filesystem mount points

[ 2 ] In late 2007, the nomenclature changed to "control groups" to avoid confusion caused by multiple meanings of the term " container " in the Linux kernel context, and the control groups functionality was merged into the Linux kernel mainline in kernel version 2

The idea of a virtual actor was first portrayed in the 1981 film Looker , wherein models had their bodies scanned digitally to create 3D computer-genera

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The term "global illumination" was first used by Turner Whitted in his paper "An improved illumination model for shaded display", [ 1 ] to differentiate between illumination calculations at a local scale (using geometric information directly, such as in Phong shading ), a microscopic scale (extending local

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[ 1 ] The term "martial arts" was originally used to refer to the traditions of East Asia, [ 2 ] but has subsequently been applied to other practices which originated outside that region

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In the Western tradition, public speaking was extensively studied in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome , where it was a fundamental component of rhetoric and analyzed by prominent thinkers

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&#91; 14 &#93; They would be used, for example, if the Library was offered items for copyright deposit directly from a publisher