In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor

Estate planning or inheritance planning is the process of anticipating and arranging for the management of a person's estate or net worth during the person's life in preparation for future incapacity or death

Historically during many centuries a paragraph in Latin of standard format was written by scribes of the particular probate court below the transcription of the will, commencing with the words (for example): Probatum Londini fuit huiusmodi testamentum coram venerabili viro (name of approver) legum doctore curiae

is a legal relationship in which the owner of property, or any transferable right, gives it to another to manage and use solely for the benefit of a designated person

The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and English-speaking world and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject